« Konstantin Peysin A Timeless Debate At a lecture given at our own Stony Brook University, Michael Ratner asserts that "Justice is losing its power". ...» Document abstract
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3 word format
Language : english
humanities/philosophy
school essay
date published
02/10/2007
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SummaryAt a lecture given at our own Stony Brook University, Michael Ratner asserts that “Justice is losing its power” . What Michael Ratner, the defending lawyer for many prisoners being held at Guantanamo Bay, means by this daring statement is that America is losing sight of its foundations. He can witness first hand the escalating debate about torture, so central in today’s media, and concludes that we are retreating back to the times before our very own constitution was drafted, back to the times before the Magna Carta. Even though we have established laws, people in such places as Guantanamo, as long as they are claimed as “prisoners of war” are neglected the right of due process and many other civil rights, standard for human beings. It is such accusations that fuel this very debate about the rights a government and its agencies have over their prisoners during wartime. For better answers to such an intricate question one could turn to philosophers, particularly the more contemporary ones that have ethical views on the matter. Two such philosophers are Immanuel Kant and Augustine, one from Germany the other from the Roman Empire.
Table of Contents
- At a lecture given at our own Stony Brook University, Michael Ratner asserts that 'Justice is losing its power? .
- Augustine, the fifth century philosopher, and a very important figure in modern Christian and western thought, gives many answers on what man should do with his god given free will. Augustine claims that evil is not derived from the moral judgments of man
- At first glance it seems that Augustine is contradicting himself when he says 'justice is giving each his due' putting forth a very retributive view of punishment, and then saying that an innocent person could be tortured for the benefit of society
- Thirteen centuries later, in an era of radical and daring philosophies, Immanuel Kant also concluded that torture is an unacceptable form of punishment.
- Going back to Kant's idea of categorical imperative, it would become clear that if a soldier decided to torture a terrorist, he would be implying that such behavior would be acceptable as a standard in society.
« point in history.. Poverty in India is indeed a timeless focus of debate.. Child labor isn'ta new phenomenon. . Primary schooling ...» Document abstract
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5 pages word
Language : english
sociology
presentation
date published
17/02/2008
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level : General public
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SummaryIn December 2001, a farrago of representatives of intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and concerned members of the civil society around the world convened in Yokohama, Japan, at the 2nd World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children with the explicit aim to address the plight of the worlds children involved in one the most appalling informal business: Commercial Sexual Exploitation. Exactly five years after agreeing on the factors contributing to CSE (Child Sex Exploitation) and ways in which to combat it, the meeting in Japan would reaffirm governments’ commitments to tackling the issue of CSE. Among some of the considerations of the second convention, according to the 2nd World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, are the following: a greater emphasis on the rights of the child; the continual promotion of the rights of children by local governments and international organizations; the espousal and promulgation of a wide array of laws and programmes that protect children; and greater action against child pornography and trafficking of children for the purpose of sex.
Table of Contents
- India has one of the highest instances of CSE.
- India's independence and subsequent partition marked a major turning point in history.
- Poverty in India is indeed a timeless focus of debate.
- Child labor isn't a new phenomenon.
- Primary schooling–grade 1 to grade 5–is most detrimental to child development.
« Economic Security Concern for economic security is an universal and timeless problem that Since than the debate over what social security should be has been a ...» Document abstract
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2 word format
Language : english
government finance
research papers
date published
14/09/2007
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level : Expert
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SummaryWhile the United States was still establishing itself and public debates rage over what the role and duties of their new government should be other countries were fleshing out their own social security legislature. In 1880 the Chancellor of Germany, Otto von Bismarck pressured his government to pass laws that offered sickness insurance to all the nations workers. In 1883 this law was passed as well as pension benefits in 1889. In 1927, unemployment insurance was passed into German law. The same activity can be seen in England.
Table of Contents
- The Birth of Economic Security
- Social Security around the World
- Social Security in the United States
« and ritual are the most potent means of expressing timeless ideas There is debate among interpreters of religious experience whether mystical union precedes the ...» Document abstract
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5 word format
Language : english
humanities/philosophy
term papers
date published
03/10/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 2 times
SummaryExperience of direct union with God is most often reported to be of an ineffable nature that transcends any means of description. Mystical visions, however, afford the subject of such experiences the ability to interpret, through the hermeneutics of religious symbolism, what might otherwise be incomprehensible to the rational mind. In the Islamic Sufi context, visions most commonly take the form of important religious figures; Allah, the Prophet Muhammad, angels, saints and a devotee’s shaikh are symbols likely to manifest their presence in mystical visions. Symbolism is not limited to discrete characters in Sufi life, however; abstract and personal metaphors occur as well. These symbols serve as relatively concrete entities upon which to hang the ultimate and inexpressible truths to which mystics claim to gain access. Using firsthand accounts of Sufis (classical masters and modern novices alike), and contemporary analytical methodologies, this paper will examine the process of training that facilitates mystical experience, as well as the psychological principles which govern the content and interpretation of the visions themselves.
Table of Contents
- Experience of direct union with God is most often reported to be of an ineffable nature that transcends any means of description
- The Sufi path prescribes specific steps to guide an adherent towards mystical experience
- The universe of instruments is closed and the rules of his game are to make do with ‘whatever is at hand', that is, with a set of tools and materials which is always finite and is also heterogeneous.
- A veritable manifestation/theophany (tajalli), however, is that which occurs when there is consciousness only of the manifestation, without any witnessing.
- The field of dream interpretation has flourished in both its western and Islamic settings
- Rather than greedily requiring haughty visions of union with God, Al-Sha'rani valued each piece of representational advice given to him
- The guidelines determined by al-Sha'rani regarding his ‘dreams of instruction' apply directly to a series of dreams that occurred during the penultimate week of Özelsel's retreat
- Özelsel's final vision, which occurs the day before she is to leave the halvet, is a fully-conscious unitized experience that illustrates the interplay between cognitive and theological dream interpretation.
- There seems to be conclusive evidence suggesting that adherence to a prescribed path allows a mystically-inclined individual the means to express, in the vernacular of that tradition, what might be universal truths of existence
« and skepticism developed and people became more eager to debate judgments, a here that our knowledge is not "something divine," or timeless, unprejudiced, and ...» Document abstract
$5.95
6 word format
Language : english
social sciences
presentation
date published
29/07/2008
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 0 times
Summary“The conditions of life might include error,” Nietzsche says, yet without these conditions “no one could endure living” (Williams 117). Though we have forms, rules, and facts, he argues, we’ve merely invented them to cope with the mysteries of our environment. These structures or “articles of faith” that we assume and take for granted give us ‘life,’ as we know it, yet there are many ways to know life. Through “The Gay Science,” Nietzsche aims to demonstrate to the reader that “life is not an argument,” that the security one finds in one’s own values and view of reality is not binding for all. One’s life is not meant to prove a point, for instance to demonstrate the superiority of the male sex, the sacredness of chastity, or even the divinity of Jesus Christ. Values and judgments such as these may prove to be useful for the individual on some level, yet because they can only ever be derived from the individual’s own life experience (or inexperience for that matter) and thus cannot be imposed upon everyone as independent reality. “How then,” the reader may ask, “could Nietzsche ever prove anything affirmative about life?” for indeed his theory may at first appear to be nihilistic, relativist, or even life-negating. It may also seem self-contradictory for him to posit any of his judgments since they would only be true for him. However, this is a misguided interpretation of “The Gay Science,” and in its place, through the examination of Nietzsche’s analyses of consciousness, morality, and knowledge, it will be revealed how he has affirmed these and other elements of life, and finally, how all of life functions within his “the will to power” theory.
Table of Contents
- His view on consciousness.
- How Nietzsche traces morality's origin.
- The initial definition of morality.
- Nietzsche's appraisal of knowledge.
- What Darwin fails to identify as the essence of living.
« the documentarian would study the journalist's research and proceed to pose the timeless question why of gun hatred from 200 years of a two sided debate, or as ...» Document abstract
$2.95
3 word format
Language : english
humanities/philosophy
school essay
date published
19/10/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 1 times
SummaryWriters define themselves by their purposes. A novelist writes to entertain, to embrace the imagination and create a world of escape for the reader. A columnist writes to inform, to relay the facts and describe a world of current events for the reader. What, however, exists in-between? With such a large gray area between truth and untruth, surely some writers thrive upon this ambiguity, writers who can both relay the facts and create the world in which these facts exist. These writers are documentarians, individuals who have found that balance between fiction and nonfiction, who do not lie but are fastidious about the truth they tell. And in their actions and in their desires, they have formulated firsthand the definition of a documentary; for a documentary strives not to answer the questions previously conceived by society, but strives instead to devise its own questions for society to answer itself.
Table of Contents
- Writers define themselves by their purposes.
- The main difference between a documentary and other forms of writing is the proper balance of subjectivity and objectivity.
- The first choice a documentarian makes that solidifies this definition of a documentary is his subject matter.
- If a documentary were to lack emotional input, it would consequently lack opinion.
- Although it comes short of developing the questions a documentary should ask, Bowling for Columbine does embody the overall essence of one.
- The power of the documentarian to choose what becomes part of his documentary is the strongest voice he has.
- This purpose is a purpose of questions and answers, of truths and manipulation; it is a game where the documentarian is the king and the audience merely pawns.
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