Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genitalia
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date published 26/11/2007
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SummaryThe pelvic bones are the sacrum (the termination of the axial skeleton) and the two innominate bones. The latter are formed by the fusion of the iliac, ischial, and pubic ossification centers at the acetabulum. The ischium and pubis also meet below, in the center of the inferior ramus, to form the obturator foramen. The weight of the upper body is transmitted from the axial skeleton to the innominate bones and lower extremities through the strong sacroiliac (SI) joints. As a whole, the pelvis is divided into a bowl-shaped false pelvis, formed by the iliac fossae and largely in contact with intraperitoneal contents, and the circular true pelvis wherein lie the urogenital organs. At the pelvic inlet, the true and false pelves are separated by the arcuate line, which extends from the sacral promontory to the pectineal line of the pubis. The lumbar lordosis that accompanies erect posture tilts the axis of the pelvic inlet so that it parallels the ground; the pelvic inlet faces anteriorly, and the inferior ischiopubic rami lie horizontal. When approaching the pelvis through a low midline incision, the surgeon gazes directly into the true pelvis.
Table of Contents- Bony Pelvis
- Anterior Abdominal Wall
- Skin and Subcutaneous Fasciae
- Abdominal Musculature
- Inguinal Canal
- Internal Surface of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
- Soft Tissues of the Pelvis
- Pelvic Musculature
- Pelvic Fasciae
- Fasciae of the Perineum and the Perineal Body
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