« In the Middle Ages, arsenic poisoning was used as a political weapon. In more recent times, industrial toxins, "accidental poisoning ...» Document abstract
$9.95
73 slides .ppt
Language : english
medical studies
presentation
date published
31/07/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
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SummaryThe chemical environment was recognized as a threat to health early in history.
Well-documented outbreaks of occupational mercury and lead "poisonings" had been recorded and preventive measures implemented by 200 BC.
In the Middle Ages, arsenic poisoning was used as a political weapon.
In more recent times, industrial toxins, "accidental poisoning" in childhood, purposeful overdoses in adults, adverse reactions to drugs, medication mix-ups in hospitals, and environmental hazards increasingly have been recognized.
The patient's metabolic and genetic variability determine the impact of a given molecule in hereditary disorders such as phenylketonuria, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and others.
Table of Contents
- Definition
- Etiology
- LEAD
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- MERCURY
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
- ARSENIC
- Etiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- ARSENIC INGESTION
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Conclusions
« injury, status epilepticus, drug abuse, and certain food toxicities (eg, monosodium glutamate, and mussel poisoning). Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders ...» Document abstract
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5 word format
Language : english
psychology
presentation
date published
26/11/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
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SummaryGABAA Receptor The GABAA receptor is a member of the superfamily of ligand-activated ion channels in the cell membrane. GABA type A (GABAA) receptors are most closely related to strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors, more distantly related to acetylcholine nicotonic receptors and serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) [5-HT] type receptors, and even more distantly related to glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPA and kainate receptors and NMDA receptors). GABAA receptors are heteropentameric protein complexes, which when activated undergo a series of conformational changes that form an open channel (pore) selectively permeable to anions, specifically chlorine anion (Cl–) and to a lesser degree (HCO–3). Receptor activation normally results in an influx of Cl– which rapidly and transiently hyperpolarizes the membrane, a process generally referred to as the generation of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential. The increase in Cl– flux also decreases the resistance of the membrane, which acts as a shunt to impede the ability of depolarizing excitatory postsynaptic potentials to elicit action potentials (nerve impulses).
Table of Contents
- GABAA receptors are heteromeric in that the receptor can comprise at least four types of subunit proteins, termed a, b, g, and d. It is pentameric in that each receptor has a total of five proteins
- A variety of pharmacological agents can influence the activity of GABAA receptors
- GABAB Receptors The metabotropic GABAB receptors are a member of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors expressed in the cell membrane.
- However, it is likely that a breakdown in the regulation of glutamate is a major factor.
- Epilepsy Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures.
- Although many neurobiological factors may contribute to seizure formation, a prominent feature of most seizures is an abnormal and excessive firing of glutamatergic neural pathways.
- Kindling, which is a gradual induction of a hyperexcitable neuronal state, can occur by focal repetitive subconvulsive stimulation of the hippocampus, amygdala, or some other brain areas.
- Neuropathic Pain Activation of afferent C fibers with nociceptive stimuli produces pain sensations that are enhanced during pathological conditions.
- A pregnane-derived synthetic neurosteroid is in clinical trials for treatment of epilepsy.
- Substance Abuse Ethanol enhances GABA receptor function in some in vitro preparations potentially via a protein-binding site.
« than the rate at which they can be degraded, they accumulate in humans and animals, building up at the end of the food chain, and can cause chronic poisoning. ...» Document abstract
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29 word format
Language : english
ecology & environment
term papers
date published
12/02/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 87 times
SummaryIn March 2005, the UN released its Millennium Ecosystem Assessment , the first comprehensive scientific audit of the state of the planet. Completed over four years by 2,000 experts, the survey demonstrates that economic activity has destroyed 60% of the Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, threatening humanity’s ability to sustain its standards of living. Thus, even though the Industrial Revolution has brought about a tremendous rise in the standards of living of most in the Western World, and although globalization is spreading this wealth to an increasing number of people in the developing world, a growing number of worrisome environmental trends suggest that our current economic model is not sustainable in the medium- to short- run.
Table of Contents
- Why our current economic model is unsustainable
- Why eco-efficiency alone is not the solution
- How C2C draws on nature to fix our model
- How to apply C2C to product design
- C2C in action: Herman Miller and the Mirra' Chair
- C2C: the next industrial revolution?
- Exhibits
« may present with anaphylaxis or more often with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Bacterial food poisoning may occur in foods that coincidentally contain ...» Document abstract
$2.95
3 word format
Language : english
biology
research papers
date published
13/11/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 4 times
SummaryMushrooms are often considered the vermin of the vegetable world, likened to snakes, slugs, and worms. Some are regarded as mystical and others as delicacies. The location of tasty morels is passed from generation to generation, closely guarded from strangers. Each autumn and spring, foragers scour the woods for known delicacies, and new ones untried. Some mushroom foragers search for "little brown mushrooms," not for their taste, but to evoke hallucinations.
Table of Contents
- Eating unidentified or misidentified species can be dangerous. Each year there are 10,000 to 15,000 cases of mushroom toxicity in the United States.
- As a mushroom emerges from the ground, it is covered with a membrane or veil.
- The stalk (stipe) begins at the cap and ends either underground or in a cup (vulva).
- The most common commercially available mushroom in the United States is Agaricus bisporus.
- GI symptoms after ingestion of mushrooms may not be caused by toxins.
- Victims with GI symptoms can be divided into those with early and those with delayed presentations.
- Any person with unexplained acute renal failure should be questioned about prior wild mushroom ingestion.
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