Developmental Trends in Children’s Acquisition and Use of Display Rules

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document in english

psychology

presentation

published 23/08/2007

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Summary

Emotions are innate and adaptive processes that entail the appraisal of life situations for one’s well being and a readiness to act to sustain the state of well being (e.g., Barrett & Campos, 1987; Lazarus, 1991). The occurrence of emotion, especially of a basic emotion, usually elicits spontaneous facial expressions. Further, within a social context, an individual’s internal emotion state is routinely inferred from their facial expressions, behaviors, and speech. Thus, the ability to display context appropriate emotions even when they are incongruent with internally experienced emotions is clearly valuable in social interactions.

Developmental Trends
1. Development of the ability to manage and regulate one's emotional expressions
2. Children's expressive control of disappointment in particular has been investigated through observation techniques in several studies
3. Cole (1986) modified and improved the disappointment gift procedure described earlier to explore age differences in the regulation of emotion expressions in a study that included preschoolers
How Children Differ on Display Rules
1. As predicted, girls expressed fewer negative behaviors than boys during the gift task
2. Display rules can be employed to meet goals that are either prosocial or self-protective
3. Studies have also examined the influences of temperament and risk for psychopathology on children's expression regulation
Future Directions
1. Temperament has been defined as individual differences in the likelihood of expressing the primary emotions and experiencing arousal
2. In conclusion, the acquisition and use of display rules in childhood are related to the timeline of cognitive, emotional, and social development