«When one examines the historic past of Ireland it is evident that this once colonial appendage of Brittan has had its fair share of despair. Within just over a hundred years Ireland as a whole has suffered through numerous crises including two...» Document abstract
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23/04/2008
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SummaryWhen one examines the historic past of Ireland it is evident that this once colonial appendage of Brittan has had its fair share of despair. Within just over a hundred years Ireland as a whole has suffered through numerous crises including two famines, oil crisis, religious conflict and economic wars. However, in the late 1990’s Ireland’s fortune appeared to make a drastic turn toward prosperity. After the tariff walls put up by De’ Valera’s economic protectionalism were torn down, Ireland became a magnet for foreign investment. This influx of foreign investment not only eradicated Ireland’s immense amount of debt, but it allowed it’s economy to grow to be one of the most powerful in the modern western world. This economic phenomenon came to be known as “The Celtic Tiger” as the rapid expansion of Ireland’s economy brought growth rates similar to the so-called “Tiger” economies previously found in Asian countries.
Table of Contents- Examining De Valera's Ireland.
- The Emergence of the 'Celtic Tiger?.
- Societal Ramifications of the Celtic Tiger.
- Articles in Support of the Celtic Tiger.
«According to Weber, industrial capitalism emerged in the west though the convergence of a number of key factors. Capitalism itself had existed in areas of the world prior to the west and had even shared some of the same key factors. For instance,...» Document abstract
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economics
book review
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23/04/2008
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SummaryAccording to Weber, industrial capitalism emerged in the west though the convergence of a number of key factors. Capitalism itself had existed in areas of the world prior to the west and had even shared some of the same key factors. For instance, capitalist enterprises were found to have developed in places like China, and Egypt yet they failed to become perpetual and broke down into a series of smaller enterprises. One could argue that they lacked the union of Weber’s proposed factors, as well as a social carries to guide the required moral framework on a grand scale. According to Weber the main factors which gave rise to industrial capitalism in the west were the convergence of accounting practices, separation of the home from work, formally free wage labor, predictable law, and distinctive social carriers.
Table of Contents- Advanced mathematical systems existed in places such as India prior to industrial capitalism.
- According to Weber important influential factors conductive to change are carried by prominent individuals and organizations within societies.
- The moral beliefs and life practices of protestant asceticism played a crucial role in the development of modern capitalism.
- Although Pietism and Calvinism were similar in many ways they did in fact share one distinct difference.
- The baptizing sects and churches of Protestantism also several similarities and differences with Calvinism.
- Weber argues that people in modern capitalism society are forced to adopt the same ideals held by the Puritans.
- Marx believed that just as one cannot judge someone of what they think of themselves, you cannot judge a period of transformation by its consciousness.
«Latin America is one of the most troubled and interesting areas of the world. It has constantly been plagued by political, economic, and social hardships. For years outsiders have looked at Latin America and pondered why this region has not...» Document abstract
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economics
case study
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24/04/2008
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SummaryLatin America is one of the most troubled and interesting areas of the world. It has constantly been plagued by political, economic, and social hardships. For years outsiders have looked at Latin America and pondered why this region has not developed “normally”; in other words, like the more democratic, more prosperous countries of Western Europe and North America. Answers often come in the form of biased interpretations, contributing differences to factors such as ethnicity, temperament, and skin color1. However, the most widely accepted theory today for Latin America’s very different development, the dependencia theory, is in reality an explanation for the issue that will be addressed in this paper. Argentina and Brazil are two nations that have had to deal with economic dependency, a problem that has affected political and social life as well. These countries both tried to combat this problem after World War II to varying degrees of success in the continuous struggle of Latin American states to hold their own in the global stage.
Table of Contents- The Nature of the Problem, its Causes, and its Effects on Society.
- Actions Taken to Resolve the Problem (Specific Policy Adopted).
- To get a more specific idea of ISI.
- Results and Effectiveness of the Policy Chosen.
- Personal Suggestions About How the Situation Could Have Been Improved.
«Asking ‘how globalized’ a city is quite a loaded question; to determine or quantify the degree of globalization within a city is quite a arduous task. Globalization isn’t measurable in neat increments; it isn’t a static characteristic nor does it...» Document abstract
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economics
research papers
date published
19/05/2008
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SummaryAsking ‘how globalized’ a city is quite a loaded question; to determine or quantify the degree of globalization within a city is quite a arduous task. Globalization isn’t measurable in neat increments; it isn’t a static characteristic nor does it comprise static components. Diverse cities possess different degrees of globalization, and the attempt to quantify these levels seems highly problematic. This situation additionally becomes even more tricky when we consider the word globalization- not only is it quite difficult to measure, but furthermore, what is it we are measuring? There are a wealth of diverse explanations, definitions and assessments of globalization as different theorists aim to provide their conceptualizations of the varied ways in which a city can become globalized. Some theorists emphasise the economic, while others stress the cultural and still others gage globalization geographically or according to the level of international interconnectedness with the western world.
Table of Contents- Urbanization in itself in the third world has been a wholly uneven process.
- Within the developing world, the poor cities often morph into vibrant hubs of global economic and cultural activity.
- Cultural Globalization.
- One complex example of cultural globalization is the case of India.
- Globalization between India and the West is not limited simply to the dissemination of culture.
- Scholte offers a view from both sides of the homogenization versus heterogenization argument.
- Cities are at the heart of global economic integration.
- Another example of the consequences of extreme economic globalization exists in Asia.
- Comparing Globalization Regionally.
International Institutions and Trade Liberalization: What has been the role of international institutions in promoting trade liberalization, and how successful have they been?
«When we look at the issue of trade liberalization and we question which international institutions have promoted it, we must ask what exactly is an international institution. In the formal sense, they are seen as “an organization established by...» Document abstract
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economics
presentation
date published
21/05/2008
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SummaryWhen we look at the issue of trade liberalization and we question which international institutions have promoted it, we must ask what exactly is an international institution. In the formal sense, they are seen as “an organization established by multiple national governments, usually to administer a program or pursue a purpose that the governments have agreed upon.” (Deardoff, 2005) But in a more broad sense they can be understood as an organization or group with international ties or networks. If we were working with the former definition, we would include institutions such as the UN, IMF, GATT, G8 and OPEC. Working with the latter definition, however, we would have to include the aforementioned groups as well as supranational and regional organizations and areas, such as the European Common Market, NAFTA, and FTAOA as well as NGO’s, public pressure groups and TNC’s. For the purpose of this essay, I will use the category of ‘international institutions’ to characterize the first grouping of organizations, relying on Deardoff’s definition and thus including the UN, IMF, GATT, G8, OPEC and so forth.
Table of Contents- There are many international institutions and organizations that play a role in shaping and influencing international trade.
- The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
- The IMF describes itself as ‘an organization of 184 countries.
- Much controversy surrounds the free trade debate due to an uneven distribution of advantages and gains.
- The view on international institutions and organizations and their role in trade.
«Following the Revolution, drastic measures needed to be taken to insure America’s survival and success if it was to truly become a rich and orderly nation after departure from British rule. The Articles of Confederation had been formulated and...» Document abstract
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economics
presentation
date published
27/05/2008
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SummaryFollowing the Revolution, drastic measures needed to be taken to insure America’s survival and success if it was to truly become a rich and orderly nation after departure from British rule. The Articles of Confederation had been formulated and processed, yet proved not wholly productive, efficient, or plausibly functional. They lacked certain key elements which were essential to the growth and maturity of a nation still in its infancy. Major dampers in its success lay foremost in its inability to provide Congress with stronger powers, most importantly, the provision to tax the states directly. At the first National Convention, respected government and social leaders joined together in an attempt to resolve the issues hindering America’s growth. What began as a call for discussion ultimately resulted in the drafting of the US Constitution, which would lay the foundation for the nation’s future, allow the “Hercules in the cradle” to finally take its first steps towards republic liberty, unification, and national power.
Table of Contents- The convention was abound with conflicting views and beliefs.
- Opposing this federalist reality were advocates of states' rights.
- The Great Compromise.
- The conflicting viewpoints between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
- The newly drafted constitution.
Nationalist Yearnings and the Modernization of China and Japan: The Importance of Economic Changes in Society to Revolution and Imperialism
«Western nations like Portugal or England did not simply encroach upon China’s territory in the name of some abstract imperialist ideal. They had strong economic interest in the area, especially in keeping the tea trade alive. When diplomacy failed...» Document abstract
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economics
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27/05/2008
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SummaryWestern nations like Portugal or England did not simply encroach upon China’s territory in the name of some abstract imperialist ideal. They had strong economic interest in the area, especially in keeping the tea trade alive. When diplomacy failed to win over the Chinese, military force was used to subdue them during the Opium War and Asia was rudely awakened to the power and political thought of the West. In China intellectuals blamed the country’s downfall on the foreign origins of the Qing and believed that nationalism would unite the people and inspire them to rise to the challenge of foreign might. But it wasn’t the Qing’s foreignness which allowed Westerners to take over the country, there was a deeper problem of corruption and financial backwardness which would needed to be dealt with. The Japanese had succeeded in rapidly modernizing by unifying their country under a national principle and creating a stable economy.
Table of Contents- From the beginning the discourse over modernization in China was focused on national pride and not on economic reform.
- The nationalists wanted modernization.
- Chinese defeats in the Opium War and the Boxer Rebellion.
- In 1880 the zaibatsu were created when the government began selling its monopolies as private enterprises.
- Yamagata Aritomo developed reforms - brought the lower classes up in touch with samurai ethics.
- The Japanese occupation of Manchuria.
«Most people I know have iPods, drive high-horsepower automobiles with complex inner workings, and pay little attention to newspaper articles regarding oil, stocks, and debt. First off, nobody wants to think about the avalanche amount of debt that’s...» Document abstract
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economics
term papers
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28/05/2008
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SummaryMost people I know have iPods, drive high-horsepower automobiles with complex inner workings, and pay little attention to newspaper articles regarding oil, stocks, and debt. First off, nobody wants to think about the avalanche amount of debt that’s accumulating and what it can do to an economy and second, it’s just a safely lodged belief that the United States is the most powerful country in the world and will always be—regardless of what the current economy seems to predict. In any case, this kind of confidence in American thought didn’t sprout overnight; it’s the product of over three hundred years of economic growth that put this nation at the forefront of the world stage
Table of Contents- America's Confidence.
- The United States had very humble beginnings.
- Technological advancements such as Eli Whitney's cotton gin made farming more efficient and productive.
- Difference in the economy between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
- A significant outcome of the North winning the Civil War in 1865.
- The mixed economy of businesses and government is crucial.
- If the Middle East were to cut the country off of oil United States economy would suffer again, in a similar fashion.
«It is certain that the last half-century of economic history has seen a dramatic increase in global market integration. States in this integrated setting must make difficult financial decisions with a great deal of insecurity. In managing their...» Document abstract
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economics
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02/06/2008
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SummaryIt is certain that the last half-century of economic history has seen a dramatic increase in global market integration. States in this integrated setting must make difficult financial decisions with a great deal of insecurity. In managing their national currency, they face uncertainty and a chorus of opinionated voices. But it is worth considering how and why the world economy has taken on its particular forms, and the way political institutions have shaped monetary policy. This essay analyzes, from a largely political and historical perspective, the tensions between monetary autonomy, capital mobility, and fixed exchange rates. I argue that political considerations have favored autonomy but have also favored conditions that undermine that autonomy. To introduce the analysis, I offer an outline of the theoretical tensions between these three states of the world. I apply this theory to the history of global currency and trade to show that domestic politics increasingly favored monetary autonomy. After explaining how and why capital mobility has undermined this autonomy, I conclude by considering strategies states use to manage the tradeoffs and retain control over their currencies.
Table of Contents- The 'Unholy Trinity?.
- Theory Through History.
- The Allure of Autonomy.
- Capital Flight Takes Off.
- Cooperation and Control.
«The process of globalization is one that has been widely examined by scholars and experts. Although most seem to agree that the process of globalization is indeed having a powerful impact on the development of the international community, the...» Document abstract
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economics
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02/06/2008
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SummaryThe process of globalization is one that has been widely examined by scholars and experts. Although most seem to agree that the process of globalization is indeed having a powerful impact on the development of the international community, the analyses and evaluations that have been offered often focus on a myriad of causes and antecedents for change in this manner. While critiques of globalization and its evolution are often well grounded in theory and empirical data, there are so many different opinions offered on the subject that it is difficult to know for sure which opinion presents the most valid viewpoint. With the realization that so much attention has been given to the subject of globalization its root causes, there is a clear impetus for scholars to look at this issue more comprehensively. Utilizing this as a basis for investigation, this research considers the assertion that globalization is more an economic than a cultural revolution.
Table of Contents- Globalization'A Cultural Phenomenon
- The end result of this process is culture change.
- The specific definition of globalization given by Granell provides a more integral understanding of globalization as a cultural phenomenon.
- Globalization'An Economic Phenomenon.
- Summary of the Data
- Conclusion.
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