«Latin America is one of the most troubled and interesting areas of the world. It has constantly been plagued by political, economic, and social hardships. For years outsiders have looked at Latin America and pondered why this region has not...» Document abstract
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economics
case study
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24/04/2008
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SummaryLatin America is one of the most troubled and interesting areas of the world. It has constantly been plagued by political, economic, and social hardships. For years outsiders have looked at Latin America and pondered why this region has not developed “normally”; in other words, like the more democratic, more prosperous countries of Western Europe and North America. Answers often come in the form of biased interpretations, contributing differences to factors such as ethnicity, temperament, and skin color1. However, the most widely accepted theory today for Latin America’s very different development, the dependencia theory, is in reality an explanation for the issue that will be addressed in this paper. Argentina and Brazil are two nations that have had to deal with economic dependency, a problem that has affected political and social life as well. These countries both tried to combat this problem after World War II to varying degrees of success in the continuous struggle of Latin American states to hold their own in the global stage.
«According to Weber, industrial capitalism emerged in the west though the convergence of a number of key factors. Capitalism itself had existed in areas of the world prior to the west and had even shared some of the same key factors. For instance,...» Document abstract
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economics
book review
date published
23/04/2008
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SummaryAccording to Weber, industrial capitalism emerged in the west though the convergence of a number of key factors. Capitalism itself had existed in areas of the world prior to the west and had even shared some of the same key factors. For instance, capitalist enterprises were found to have developed in places like China, and Egypt yet they failed to become perpetual and broke down into a series of smaller enterprises. One could argue that they lacked the union of Weber’s proposed factors, as well as a social carries to guide the required moral framework on a grand scale. According to Weber the main factors which gave rise to industrial capitalism in the west were the convergence of accounting practices, separation of the home from work, formally free wage labor, predictable law, and distinctive social carriers.
«When one examines the historic past of Ireland it is evident that this once colonial appendage of Brittan has had its fair share of despair. Within just over a hundred years Ireland as a whole has suffered through numerous crises including two...» Document abstract
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economics
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23/04/2008
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SummaryWhen one examines the historic past of Ireland it is evident that this once colonial appendage of Brittan has had its fair share of despair. Within just over a hundred years Ireland as a whole has suffered through numerous crises including two famines, oil crisis, religious conflict and economic wars. However, in the late 1990’s Ireland’s fortune appeared to make a drastic turn toward prosperity. After the tariff walls put up by De’ Valera’s economic protectionalism were torn down, Ireland became a magnet for foreign investment. This influx of foreign investment not only eradicated Ireland’s immense amount of debt, but it allowed it’s economy to grow to be one of the most powerful in the modern western world. This economic phenomenon came to be known as “The Celtic Tiger” as the rapid expansion of Ireland’s economy brought growth rates similar to the so-called “Tiger” economies previously found in Asian countries.
«“Education is not a preparation for the future, it is the future itself,” Read my bold shopping bag from the University Store. It was the first week of school, and nearly every fresh student was proudly sporting one of these bags, oblivious to the...» Document abstract
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Language : english
economics
presentation
date published
20/04/2008
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Summary“Education is not a preparation for the future, it is the future itself,” Read my bold shopping bag from the University Store. It was the first week of school, and nearly every fresh student was proudly sporting one of these bags, oblivious to the notion that their education is subjected to the same economic forces as the store they had just visited. The modernist perspective, which the majority of universities have been founded upon, maintains that language, reason, and the scientific method are the foremost mechanism for arriving at the truth (Delluchi 2002). As tuition increases however, students regard education less as an opportunity for personal growth via the acquisition of reason, and more often as a financial investment, which they expect to be returned with interest. As Barry Schwartz argues in “The Debasing of Education,” thinking about education economically encourages students to view it instrumentally, thus shifting the student-teacher relationship to that of a customer.
key words- student cusomers, laissez faire
key words- student cusomers, laissez faire
«As a complex network of intricate biological systems, the human body is indeed quite an intriguing aspect of nature. The origin of this elaborate design is an area of hot debate; however, as of late, increasing support has been given to...» Document abstract
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economics
research papers
date published
09/04/2008
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SummaryAs a complex network of intricate biological systems, the human body is indeed quite an intriguing aspect of nature. The origin of this elaborate design is an area of hot debate; however, as of late, increasing support has been given to biological-evolutionary theory. According to this theory, it is understood that with the passage of vast amounts of time, humanity and its predecessors have undergone a multitude of adaptations to better survive and proliferate themselves throughout the world. The human organism is clearly as efficient as it is elaborate; it is most certainly a testament to the hundreds upon thousands of years predating its existence. Even so, as alluring as the human body may be, the evolution of humanity has not been entirely biological in nature. Perhaps a consequence of this biological evolution, humanity has developed a very powerful tool to ensure the survival its species: Society. Described by Aristotle as “social animals,” humans are notorious for organizing themselves into groups to better overcome their environment and to meet their needs. In effect, over many thousand years, humanity’s greatest invention has proven to be as organic and adaptive as its creator. Society, like the human, has also undergone great changes and adaptations through selective forces and the innovations of its constituents. Perhaps the most well documented and best known instances of societal evolution at work can be seen in the Industrial Revolution. While, historically, societal changes have taken many thousand years to progress, the Industrial Revolution was relatively quick and, as a result, quite interesting.
«A question that has plagued economists, social scientists and political scientists for the last several years is solution to the staggering debt in underdeveloped countries. Depending on their background they will argue the need for greater...» Document abstract
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economics
research papers
date published
08/04/2008
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SummaryA question that has plagued economists, social scientists and political scientists for the last several years is solution to the staggering debt in underdeveloped countries. Depending on their background they will argue the need for greater institutions, the removal of corrupt governments, or even just time for development to occur. The question faced by Denise Froning and Romilly Greenhill was “Will Debt Relief Address the Needs of Highly Indebted Countries?” Both of these essayists from different backgrounds approached the question with a solution in mind, both answers are varying but both are to be respected in their own sense.
«A problem that has been a matter of global worry for the last decade is the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank’s strangle hold on the growth and economic development of developing countries. The IMF and World Bank are supported by...» Document abstract
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economics
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date published
08/04/2008
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SummaryA problem that has been a matter of global worry for the last decade is the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank’s strangle hold on the growth and economic development of developing countries. The IMF and World Bank are supported by developed countries and continue to be supported by them to this day. Only recently has a call for full debt forgiveness become a popular subject. The need for this debt forgiveness is supposed to provide these undeveloped countries with the opportunity to grow and become respectable members in the global village. Two articles that discuss this issue are Denise Froning’s “Will Debt Relief Really Help?” and Russell Mokhiber and Robert Weissman’s “The IMF Stumbles”. Denise Froning talks about the need for debt forgiveness and lack of support from developed countries. She also discusses a general plan on what is needed to solve the problem. Russell Mokhiber and Robert Weissman discuss the strangle hold the IMF has on the developing countries and the growing levels of protest in developing countries.
«According to common perception among economists, the idea of institutional economics
started with Ronald Coarse's article, “The Nature of the Firm” (1937) where the concepts of
transaction costs and economic analysis were first introduced (Coarse,...» Document abstract
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economics
research papers
date published
07/02/2008
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SummaryAccording to common perception among economists, the idea of institutional economics
started with Ronald Coarse's article, “The Nature of the Firm” (1937) where the concepts of
transaction costs and economic analysis were first introduced (Coarse, 1998, p. 71). Since then,
the field of New Institutional Economics (NIE) has come a long way and attracted more and
more prominent economists such as Oliver Williamson, Douglas North, Harold Demsetz, and
Steven Cheung as well an extensive array of representatives of various other social sciences such
as law, political science, sociology and anthropology. The need for a “new” way of thinking
about economics is what Oliver Williamson expressed by coining the phrase “new institutional
economics” in an attempt to distinguish the subject from “old institutional economics”. The latter,
as Coarse states was “anti-theoretical” and without a theoretical background to explain facts, the
economists belonging to the “old” school of institutional economics were unable to bring the field
to the forefront of economic analysis (1998, p. 72). Hence, important conclusions about the role
of institutions, their origins, development and functioning, were slow to enter mainstream
economics, which according to the proponents of NIE, has a general disregard for the working of
real economies but rather focuses on the hypothetical situations (Coarse, 1998, p. 72). The real
world, is what economists should base their theories on, say NIE economists, as the complex
development of institutions with their underlying cultural and social specifics, are fundamental to
the understanding of global economic differences and at the core of successful theories of
economic development.
Discuss the shift away from the conglomerate form in the advanced industrial countries, and its persistence in most emerging markets performance?
«Western business strategies are often held as models for emerging countries. Despite General Electric being the largest worldwide conglomerate, such success stories have become rather rare nowadays in the United States and Europe, although this is...» Document abstract
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economics
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20/04/2007
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SummaryWestern business strategies are often held as models for emerging countries. Despite General Electric being the largest worldwide conglomerate, such success stories have become rather rare nowadays in the United States and Europe, although this is not true in Japan for cultural and historical reasons. For this reason, the dismantling of most conglomerates from the developed countries is for many a path to follow in the emerging markets. This belief was reinforced by the financial crisis in Asia and Latin American as multi-lateral financial institutions and consultants pressed for a closer convergence between first and third-world business models, to improve efficiency and productivity. The inefficiency resulting from the family-controlled enterprise model is another arguments used by proponents of this convergence.
Due to the word limit, this paper only aims at presenting the differences between developing and developed countries which could explain why conglomerates have disappeared from the former and are still persistent in the latter. Firstly, the very notion of Conglomerate and its characteristics will be analysed with the support of the literature review. In a second part, the paper will analyse the shift away from the conglomerate form in the industrialised countries, studying the case of the ITT Corporation, a conglomerate that is now only a shell of its past glory. Finally, the paper will evaluate the reasons that maintain into existence in the developing countries, based on an analysis of the Tata group.
Due to the word limit, this paper only aims at presenting the differences between developing and developed countries which could explain why conglomerates have disappeared from the former and are still persistent in the latter. Firstly, the very notion of Conglomerate and its characteristics will be analysed with the support of the literature review. In a second part, the paper will analyse the shift away from the conglomerate form in the industrialised countries, studying the case of the ITT Corporation, a conglomerate that is now only a shell of its past glory. Finally, the paper will evaluate the reasons that maintain into existence in the developing countries, based on an analysis of the Tata group.
Table of Contents- What is a conglomerate?
- From diversified to focus firms in industrial countries
- Persistence in most emerging markets
The results of the “Lisbon agenda” – the attempt to make Europe the world’s most successful knowledge-based economy – are generally thought to have been disappointing. What steps should be taken by the European Union, and by national governments, to impro
«In March 2000, the Lisbon Strategy was launched to overcome a series of weaknesses in the European economy: long-term structural unemployment, a poor employment rate, and under-development of the service sector. In an often-quoted sentence, it has...» Document abstract
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Language : english
economics
presentation
date published
20/04/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Expert
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SummaryIn March 2000, the Lisbon Strategy was launched to overcome a series of weaknesses in the European economy: long-term structural unemployment, a poor employment rate, and under-development of the service sector. In an often-quoted sentence, it has therefore assigned the EU “a new strategic goal for the next decade: to become the most competitive and most dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and better and greater social cohesion”. The mid-term results published five years after the launch reveal that the focus on knowledge is right but that the sense of urgency is lacking, leaving Europe lagging behind the objectives set and behind the benchmark model of the Unites States. Moreover, Europe is also loosing ground vis-à-vis other competitors such as China and India, which have been growing at substantially higher rates. The mid-term report also declares that the social and environmental aspects of the Lisbon Agenda were no longer a priority and that instead the strategy would be revised to focus on the economic context only.
Hence, in order to keep the Lisbon strategy alive, drastic changes are necessitated, which this paper aims at presenting. Due to the word limit, only major recommendations from the literature review on the future steps to adopt are offered here. However, due to the complexity of the European situation, the focus is wider than on the sheer economic context.
Hence, in order to keep the Lisbon strategy alive, drastic changes are necessitated, which this paper aims at presenting. Due to the word limit, only major recommendations from the literature review on the future steps to adopt are offered here. However, due to the complexity of the European situation, the focus is wider than on the sheer economic context.
Table of Contents- Ambitious goals set
- Structural changes
- The Lisbon strategy of 2000 sets the ambitious goal (among others) of achieving an Labour markets
- Education and research
- ICT sector
knowledge network
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