« The mechanical energy of the turning blades is changed into electricity. Wind speeds typically must be sustained at least 10 mph ...» Document abstract
$9.95
10 slides .ppt
Language : english
physics & chemistry
presentation
date published
13/11/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
requested 4 times
SummaryThe blade of a turbine is tilted an angle.
Movement of the air is channeled creating low and high pressures on the blade that force it to move.
The blade is connected to a shaft which in turn is connected to an electrical generator.
The mechanical energy of the turning blades is changed into electricity.
Wind speeds typically must be sustained at least 10 mph to turn larger turbines fast enough to generate electricity
« In 1958 the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) carried out the duties of generation and high voltage transmission instead of the Central Electricity ...» Document abstract
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43 word format
Language : english
math
research papers
date published
18/08/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
requested 12 times
SummaryThis report considers the role of optimisation in the asset management of a large distribution network. In particular, we look at how to determine the optimal policy for project release. Projects relating to replacement of existing assets and network re-design may be prioritised given capital rationing and/or performance improvement requirements. We focus on maintenance and replacement of a large distribution network (network structured system) and consider the application to electricity distribution networks. The electricity companies who own the UK electricity distribution networks are under pressure to provide a high quality supply to customers at minimum cost. For this particular problem a zero-one integer linear programming model is proposed for selecting an optimal project portfolio, based on the objectives and constraints of the network owner. The modelling approach described in this study would extend to the financial investment appraisal of capital projects for a broad range of manufacturing and energy related industries such as power generation, refining and water supply.
Table of Contents- Introduction
- Optimisation in network asset management
- Aim of research
- Approach
- Asset management within the UK electricity industry
- Historical evolution of electricity in the UK
- The costs and benefits of the restructuring and privatisation of the U.K. Electricity Supply
- The network asset management framework
- How should an electricity supply company optimise its network
- Distinction between ‘Main', ‘Branch' and ‘Spur?
- Previous work in network and asset modelling within UK electricity companies
- Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches
- Conclusions and remaining issues
« smaller quantities of raw materials and energy, all the while generating less waste A co-generation power plant provides both electricity and steam that in turn ...» Document abstract
$9.95
29 word format
Language : english
ecology & environment
term papers
date published
12/02/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 87 times
SummaryIn March 2005, the UN released its Millennium Ecosystem Assessment , the first comprehensive scientific audit of the state of the planet. Completed over four years by 2,000 experts, the survey demonstrates that economic activity has destroyed 60% of the Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, threatening humanity’s ability to sustain its standards of living. Thus, even though the Industrial Revolution has brought about a tremendous rise in the standards of living of most in the Western World, and although globalization is spreading this wealth to an increasing number of people in the developing world, a growing number of worrisome environmental trends suggest that our current economic model is not sustainable in the medium- to short- run.
Faced with this diagnostic, environmentalists have traditionally argued that we need to put a halt on economic growth. This did not prove very popular in developed countries, where as Mr. Bush Sr. once put it “the American way of life is not on the table”, nor in developing countries, where economic growth is badly needed to lift billions out of poverty. For these reasons, the concept of eco-efficiency emerged as a way to reduce the environmental footprint of economic development. The idea was that by generating more production from smaller quantities of raw materials and energy, all the while generating less waste, an eco-efficient business model would inflict a lesser strain on the planet. While more politically acceptable, this view does not make our current model sustainable. It merely pushes back the time when mankind will run into serious environmental, and hence economic and societal, problems.
Fortunately, a new way of thinking about the relationship between the economy and the environment has emerged. With the Cradle-to-Cradle design protocol, architect Bill McDonough and chemist Michael Braungart are crafting an economic model that, by mimicking natural ecosystems, will allow us to thrive while restoring, not destroying, the planet.
Faced with this diagnostic, environmentalists have traditionally argued that we need to put a halt on economic growth. This did not prove very popular in developed countries, where as Mr. Bush Sr. once put it “the American way of life is not on the table”, nor in developing countries, where economic growth is badly needed to lift billions out of poverty. For these reasons, the concept of eco-efficiency emerged as a way to reduce the environmental footprint of economic development. The idea was that by generating more production from smaller quantities of raw materials and energy, all the while generating less waste, an eco-efficient business model would inflict a lesser strain on the planet. While more politically acceptable, this view does not make our current model sustainable. It merely pushes back the time when mankind will run into serious environmental, and hence economic and societal, problems.
Fortunately, a new way of thinking about the relationship between the economy and the environment has emerged. With the Cradle-to-Cradle design protocol, architect Bill McDonough and chemist Michael Braungart are crafting an economic model that, by mimicking natural ecosystems, will allow us to thrive while restoring, not destroying, the planet.
Table of Contents- Why our current economic model is unsustainable
- Why eco-efficiency alone is not the solution
- How C2C draws on nature to fix our model
- How to apply C2C to product design
- C2C in action: Herman Miller and the Mirra' Chair
- C2C: the next industrial revolution?
- Exhibits
« motivations for mergers and acquisitions differ from generating direct financial World War and by structuring of new industries (electricity and automobile, in ...» Document abstract
$9.95
40 word format
Language : english
finance
theses
date published
11/07/2006
review : not yet assessed
level : Expert
requested 2 times
SummaryThe paper deals with the issue of mergers and acquisitions on the western market, viewing the topic from the standpoint of their failure and success. The subject is an extremely important one at present, as, on the one side, there is a trend towards major international mergers and acquisitions and, on the other side, many researches indicate that more than half of deals fail.
Having done the research on main factors of failure of Mergers and Acquisitions, it was established that companies fail transactions, because they forget about shareholders’ interests and are often driven by their own interests and motivations. While shareholders are interested in financial flows that can generate a particular transaction, managers often overpay for the target, by mistake and sometimes even intentionally, and thus transfer wealth to target’s company. Secondly, managers pay often in stock rather than in cash, communicating in such a way to shareholders about company’s insufficient liquidity. There have been determined some other less frequent factors of failure, but still affecting acquiring company’s shareholders.
The moral of the paper consists in that shareholders have an uncanny knock to react immediately to changes in corporate structure by pushing up or by pulling down the stock prices. Although there exist numerous motivations for mergers and acquisitions, companies must always set in advance the ultimate goal of value creation for their shareholders
Having done the research on main factors of failure of Mergers and Acquisitions, it was established that companies fail transactions, because they forget about shareholders’ interests and are often driven by their own interests and motivations. While shareholders are interested in financial flows that can generate a particular transaction, managers often overpay for the target, by mistake and sometimes even intentionally, and thus transfer wealth to target’s company. Secondly, managers pay often in stock rather than in cash, communicating in such a way to shareholders about company’s insufficient liquidity. There have been determined some other less frequent factors of failure, but still affecting acquiring company’s shareholders.
The moral of the paper consists in that shareholders have an uncanny knock to react immediately to changes in corporate structure by pushing up or by pulling down the stock prices. Although there exist numerous motivations for mergers and acquisitions, companies must always set in advance the ultimate goal of value creation for their shareholders
Table of Contents- Mergers and Acquisitions: The Overview
- Definition of M&A
- Classification of M&A
- Modes of payment for M&A
- Motivations behind M&A
- History of M&A
- Creation and Destruction of Value through Mergers and Acquisitions
- Definition of value creation
- Detailed analysis of M&A performance
- Distribution of value creation in M&A
- Factors of failure
- Valuation of Mergers and Acquisitions
- The price margins
- Valuation methods
- Valuation of Remedy Corporation
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