«The Spanish empire was one of the largest empires in history and its own personal rise to power would coincide with the transition of power from the Asian continent to the European world. As colonial possessions lead to unprecedented wealth and...» Document abstract
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Language : english
history 500-1789
summaries
date published
24/04/2008
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SummaryThe Spanish empire was one of the largest empires in history and its own personal rise to power would coincide with the transition of power from the Asian continent to the European world. As colonial possessions lead to unprecedented wealth and conflicts between Spain and other European nations escalated the ensuing friction would further anti-Spanish sentiment, this escalation in anti-Spanish sentiment would further lead to the creation of the Black Legend that has characterized history in regards to Spanish presence in colonial Latin America.
Table of Contents
- Anti-Spanish sentiment dates back to the 14th century conflict.
- The White Legend relies on focusing on government policies set to protect natives in colonial Latin America.
- Political Propaganda played a large role in the creation of the Black Legend stereotype.
- Between 1511 and the early 1550's in Spain arose an obsession with whether or not the Spanish were properly exercising their duty.
- The Black Legend did indeed have a factual basis to it.
«Since the dawn of the human race, humans have recognized the need to work together in order to ensure their survival. This mindset allowed for the development of hunter gatherer societies which eventually evolved into fixed communities. Eventually...» Document abstract
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history 500-1789
school essay
date published
23/04/2008
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SummarySince the dawn of the human race, humans have recognized the need to work together in order to ensure their survival. This mindset allowed for the development of hunter gatherer societies which eventually evolved into fixed communities. Eventually these small irrigation based communities grew into what would be recognized today as ancient cities. Although much time has passed since the development of these first cities, they still have many of the same characteristics found in modern day societies. However, the term “City” is vague and must be examined before comparing ancient societies. Gordon Childe developed a checklist to help distinguish cities from simple towns. Population density, labor specialization, state-level organization and class systems are examples of important characteristics shared amongst all true cities (Childe, 1950).
«The archaeological site of Chersonesos in Crimea, Ukraine, has been called “the Ukrainian Pompeii” and with good reason. Very few sites in the world can claim to have such an abundance of well-preserved remains. Tens of towers, a monumental...» Document abstract
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Language : english
history 500-1789
research papers
date published
14/04/2008
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SummaryThe archaeological site of Chersonesos in Crimea, Ukraine, has been called “the Ukrainian Pompeii” and with good reason. Very few sites in the world can claim to have such an abundance of well-preserved remains. Tens of towers, a monumental defensive wall, a theater, and numerous farmsteads are some of the structures that have remained in a remarkable state of preservation making Chersonesos the best-preserved Greek colonial territory. Evidence of Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine habitation have all been found throughout Chersonesos as well. Chersonesos exhibits great diversity, both culturally and ethnically. For these reasons, it is one of the most historically significant sites in the world
«Archaeology is - “The discovery, recovery, and study of material evidence or artifacts (i.e. structures, tools, clothing, implements and burial sites in various states of preservation) of past human life and culture”
The methodology used in...» Document abstract
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history 500-1789
research papers
date published
11/03/2008
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SummaryArchaeology is - “The discovery, recovery, and study of material evidence or artifacts (i.e. structures, tools, clothing, implements and burial sites in various states of preservation) of past human life and culture”
The methodology used in Archaeology can be effectively demonstrated through the discovery of Otzi the Iceman and the sequential processes involved in analysing Otzi.
Otzi was one of the most significant discoveries in Archaeology. To start with he was the oldest human mummy in Europe and certainly one of the oldest well preserved mummies in the world. Otzi’s discovery has also shaken the foundations of knowledge for his time period (Chalcolithic Age) thus changing our perception of his time. Otzi was discovered by two hikers, Helmut and
Erika Simon, on the Similaun Glacier (border of Austria and Italy) on September, 1991. He was half buried in ice with only his head sticking out of the ground.
The study and discovery of Otzi will help demonstrate the archaeological concepts and processes involved in Excavation, Preservation and Dating techniques.
The methodology used in Archaeology can be effectively demonstrated through the discovery of Otzi the Iceman and the sequential processes involved in analysing Otzi.
Otzi was one of the most significant discoveries in Archaeology. To start with he was the oldest human mummy in Europe and certainly one of the oldest well preserved mummies in the world. Otzi’s discovery has also shaken the foundations of knowledge for his time period (Chalcolithic Age) thus changing our perception of his time. Otzi was discovered by two hikers, Helmut and
Erika Simon, on the Similaun Glacier (border of Austria and Italy) on September, 1991. He was half buried in ice with only his head sticking out of the ground.
The study and discovery of Otzi will help demonstrate the archaeological concepts and processes involved in Excavation, Preservation and Dating techniques.
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- Excavation Techniques.
- Preservation Techniques.
- Dating Techniques.
- Conclusion
«It is acknowledged that under the rule of Peter I Russia have turned itself into a powerful nation. By what is a powerful nation? If we would generalize the knowledge we have about the different powerful states in history, we would probably discover...» Document abstract
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Language : english
history 500-1789
school essay
date published
17/12/2007
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level : Advanced
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SummaryIt is acknowledged that under the rule of Peter I Russia have turned itself into a powerful nation. By what is a powerful nation? If we would generalize the knowledge we have about the different powerful states in history, we would probably discover that the powerful state should satisfy to the following two conditions: it should have its opinions respected among other nations, and it should have its laws enforced on its territory. In order for the first condition to be satisfied, the state should have a forceful army, which is provided with all the supplies it might need during its military activity. The second condition can be satisfied with having a strong central and local government. The significance of Peter I’s reign in Russia is that he became a tsar in the country, which was weak in both international and domestic arena, and left a powerful nation to his successors. This was achieved by four of his major reforms: army reform, tax reform, central and local government reform, and church reform. The first two were aimed at building the strong army, and the latter two were designed for strengthening the Russian government.
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- The need for creation of the regular army and navy.
- Needs of the Russian army.
- Church reforms of Peter the Great.
«Throughout history, ancient Rome has been one of the great leaders in the field of Empire building. The stench of blood and fear filled the Mediterranean region as Rome conquered city after city and nation after nation. Many cities fell to the...» Document abstract
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Language : english
history 500-1789
school essay
date published
07/12/2007
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level : Advanced
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SummaryThroughout history, ancient Rome has been one of the great leaders in the field of Empire building. The stench of blood and fear filled the Mediterranean region as Rome conquered city after city and nation after nation. Many cities fell to the Romans in battle, while many more submitted to Rome out of fear, and respect. These factors, among many others, helped make Rome the ultimate warrior state.
Ironically, Rome began as a small city-state with little to distinguish itself. The land was difficult to cultivate, and they were surrounded on all sides by enemies. Romans didn’t have a natural harbor that they could use for mercantile trading, nor any other way in which they could make a living for themselves. Surprisingly, Rome’s poverty was one of the more influential reasons for their survival as a people. Luckily for Rome, they had nothing to offer invaders. Unbelievably, this small city-state eventually grew to rule an area two-thirds the size of the continental United States (p57).
Ironically, Rome began as a small city-state with little to distinguish itself. The land was difficult to cultivate, and they were surrounded on all sides by enemies. Romans didn’t have a natural harbor that they could use for mercantile trading, nor any other way in which they could make a living for themselves. Surprisingly, Rome’s poverty was one of the more influential reasons for their survival as a people. Luckily for Rome, they had nothing to offer invaders. Unbelievably, this small city-state eventually grew to rule an area two-thirds the size of the continental United States (p57).
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- Rome's precarious situation.
- Rome or Sparta as the ultimate warrior state.
- Maintaining order in Roman cities.
- Importance of Roman allies in victories.
«World history is full of brutality. Wars and conquests, rapes and massacres; savage displays of the primitive monster man has always been and always will be. Yet more disgusting than any military operation is the mutilation of religion in the face...» Document abstract
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5 word format
Language : english
history 500-1789
school essay
date published
19/10/2007
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level : Advanced
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SummaryWorld history is full of brutality. Wars and conquests, rapes and massacres; savage displays of the primitive monster man has always been and always will be. Yet more disgusting than any military operation is the mutilation of religion in the face of political gain. Murderers claiming religious vindication, men and women cleansing themselves of blame in so-called acts of faith and holy bloodshed. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, while narrowly averted, was simply another violent solution to the oppression of English Catholics that had steadily worsened throughout the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. The optimism of the new Scottish ruler was evident in his attempts to satisfy both the Catholic and Protestant populations of his new sovereignty. “I will never allow in my conscience that the blood of any man shall be shed for diversity of opinions in religion,” wrote King James I in an early letter to Robert Cecil (Fraser 38). But the desire for religious supremacy loosely disguised as the desire for religious tolerance is not so easily satisfied by words and empty promises, and the stupidity of King James nearly cost him his life and lives of Parliament. The engineers of the Gunpowder Plot earned their infamy as the first modern terrorists. However, defining terrorism is a subjective process, and the question remains: was the Gunpowder Plot an act of terrorism or a justified act of desperation? Four centuries of debate have proven the former. The Gunpowder Plot seeped into historical texts not only as the first terrorist act of its kind, but as a defining example of terrorism and the difficulty of assigning such a label.
Table of Contents
- World history is full of brutality. Wars and conquests, rapes and massacres; savage displays of the primitive monster man has always been and always will be.
- It is important to remember the far-reaching effects of terrorism.
- The original conspirators designed the Gunpowder Plot on the grounds that the impact would devastate more than Parliament alone.
- It all came down to an evaluation of the wickedness of Parliament and King James I.
- King James I, from a papist standpoint, was not the best situation.
- The conspirators did not want to be responsible for the deaths of innocents, especially for the Catholic Parliament members who were risking their lives already by arguing against anti-Catholic legislation.
- The second element of the Gunpowder Plot that fascinated King James I was the sheer cruelty of its nature.
- Terrorism has existed since the dawn of civilization, since humans learned of their capabilities to rule, and consequently, of their capabilities to be oppressed.
«Long before the “Odd Couple”, there was a duo even more opposite and conflicted – Thomas Morton and William Bradford. A battle between two strong characters, with very different and contrasting beliefs about life, ensued on 1622 in the early English...» Document abstract
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history 500-1789
school essay
date published
12/10/2007
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SummaryLong before the “Odd Couple”, there was a duo even more opposite and conflicted – Thomas Morton and William Bradford. A battle between two strong characters, with very different and contrasting beliefs about life, ensued on 1622 in the early English settlement of Plymouth, Massachusetts. The men came to the colony with hopes of new found freedom in America. Bradford saw it as a land free from religious persecution and an opportunity to spread God’s word to the savage Natives. On the other hand, Morton saw America as wild and untamed, free from responsibility, and a place where each man was his own ruler. The opportunity in America sparkled brightly in Morton’s and Bradford’s minds, but there was one obstruction to the land of possibility that they didn’t foresee – each other.
Table of Contents
- Morton portrays Bradford and the Puritan community as an authoritative force that would not understand mirth and happiness.
- When Morton claims 'accounting of him as of a great monster', it is evident that he believes himself to be the victim.
- Bradford was a moral man and deeply in love with his Puritan religion.
- He cared more for alcohol and partying than he did about career, family or religion.
- It may seem as though Bradford was only describing the pitiful Morton, but he was also able to provide insight to his own personality.
- Through each competing portrayal of Morton about Bradford and Bradford about Morton, the reader receives insight about the character of his subject and the author as well.
«At the onset of Peter’s reign Russian culture was in a dismal state. The vast majority of the Russian population was illiterate, even among the nobility. Since Peter wanted to westernize Russian society on virtually all levels, education and culture...» Document abstract
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Language : english
history 500-1789
presentation
date published
08/10/2007
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level : General public
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SummaryAt the onset of Peter’s reign Russian culture was in a dismal state. The vast majority of the Russian population was illiterate, even among the nobility. Since Peter wanted to westernize Russian society on virtually all levels, education and culture would have to be an integral part of such an extensive transition. The most obvious changes were physical, as Peter decreed that the nobility has to dress in the European style and shave their beards. Peter also began to make some strides toward integrating women into high society. He abolished the Mongolian style terem and women were to attend court functions on the same terms as men.
Table of Contents
- At the onset of Peter's reign Russian culture was in a dismal state.
- Peter made many enemies in the church with his new policies.
- Although Peter focused mostly on architecture and arts he deemed to be more practical, he still recognized the importance of fine arts and literature.
- The seed of intellectualism was planted during Peter's reign, but the fruits of his cultural labor were harvested by Catherine the Great.
- One of the most significant influences of freemasonry lies in the social awareness it created among the intelligentsia.
- Russian society of the early 19th century was deeply affected by the Napoleonic wars.
- The reign of Nicholas was generally known as an era of imperialistic and reactionary views.
«Peter the Great (1689-1725) was the major force that turned Russia away from the old ways of Asiatic Russia, and opened the window to the west. His series of accomplishments as Tsar of Russia began at the dawn of the eighteenth century, with the...» Document abstract
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Language : english
history 500-1789
research papers
date published
05/10/2007
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SummaryPeter the Great (1689-1725) was the major force that turned Russia away from the old ways of Asiatic Russia, and opened the window to the west. His series of accomplishments as Tsar of Russia began at the dawn of the eighteenth century, with the foundation of St. Petersburg. Constructing both, a fortress and ship building center in this region laid the foundation for Russia’s victory over the Swedish army, thus establishing Russia as one of the great European powers.
Table of Contents
- Peter the Great
- Anna Ioannovna
- Catherine the Great
- Alexander I
- Nicholas I
- Alexander II
- Conclusion
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