«The advancement of medical technology has encroached upon every aspect of our healthcare system and delivery, yet probably the most sensitive area it has impacted has been our methods of reproduction. Due to the illicit (or at least discrete)...» Document abstract
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Language : english
humanities/philosophy
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06/06/2008
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SummaryThe advancement of medical technology has encroached upon every aspect of our healthcare system and delivery, yet probably the most sensitive area it has impacted has been our methods of reproduction. Due to the illicit (or at least discrete) nature of conception means, along with the sanctity we hold towards pregnancy and babies, any “development” of reproductive techniques automatically receives social and moral attention. From assisted reproductive technology (ART) to abortion, the relationship between medicine, technology and child-bearing facilitates a great deal of ethical evaluation. One of the most recent technological advancements, the practice of gender selection through Microsort, reveals an aspect of reproductive choice that could possibly lead to dramatic shifts in how we “conceive” children. Microsort is a first step towards allowing us to truly select characteristics of our children based on our personal desires. Although Microsort breaks medical and technological boundaries, it also raises social and ethical concerns. Especially in America, we take great pride in our personal autonomy and liberty, but is it ethical to apply our freedom of choice to the creation of another life? Do our personal desires alone justify the appropriateness of Microsort selection?
Table of Contents
- The theory of Microsort stems from a similar practice used for cattle
- The science of Microsort began with a particular motive
- One of the first questions asked to any expecting or recently 'delivered' couple is the sex of their baby.
- Those who fear what might become of Microsort preach about the 'slippery slope' of eugenics
- ASRM's concerns with the greater social implications of Microsort center around gender discrimination and bias
- Biggest arguments against Microsort is that it will psychologically harm the children produced from the technology
«At first glance, the poetry of the reclusive scholar T’ao Ch’ien seems like a layman’s simple affirmation of Daoist life in the country. But even though T’ao Ch’ien feels he has chosen the right principles for himself, his poetry contains a...» Document abstract
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humanities/philosophy
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05/06/2008
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SummaryAt first glance, the poetry of the reclusive scholar T’ao Ch’ien seems like a layman’s simple affirmation of Daoist life in the country. But even though T’ao Ch’ien feels he has chosen the right principles for himself, his poetry contains a definite tension: the weather threatens the crops, often he lacks bare necessities, his family is unhappy with his decision and he himself still longs for the old world. The essential Daoist text, the Tao Te Ching, with its many injunctions and advice on how to be a proper sage, promises that the Way will provide if only it is followed. T’ao Ch’ien’s material circumstances seem like an eyesore in that light, but throughout his poetry T’ao Ch’ien uses natural imagery, metaphors of drunkenness, and other literary techniques to illustrate how he is able to detach himself from worldly sorrows and cares and achieve an understanding of the Way.
Table of Contents
- T'ao Ch'ien sets up this tension almost immediately in the chronology of his poetic world.
- Crop failure is not the only trouble T'ao Ch'ien must face.
- T'ao Ch'ien has inserted many dissenting elements into his poetry, his own doubts and the doubts of others.
- Another way that T'ao Ch'ien creates distance from the cares of the world is through metaphors using drunkenness
- T'ao Ch'ien's almost philosophical love of wine recalls another of the joyful elements of Peach Blossom Spring
- T'ao Ch'ien does not try to justify one choice of life over the other solely through logic.
«Epistemology is a philosophical discourse that is predicated upon understanding the scope, limits and value of knowledge. While one may argue that the scope and limits are quite straightforward in terms of individual understanding and knowledge, the...» Document abstract
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humanities/philosophy
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04/06/2008
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SummaryEpistemology is a philosophical discourse that is predicated upon understanding the scope, limits and value of knowledge. While one may argue that the scope and limits are quite straightforward in terms of individual understanding and knowledge, the philosophical component of epistemology clearly demonstrates that there are a number of potential theories that can be utilized in the explication of the limits and scope of knowledge. Given the extent to which theories of knowledge have developed over the course of time, it is evident that even though these theories provide necessary insight into the process of human conceptions of knowledge, these numerous theories create a paradox for the philosopher. Namely, those studying epistemology not only need to consider which theory will be used to describe knowledge, but also which of the theories of knowledge are indeed valid. Thus, while the theories to understand the acquisition of knowledge have increased in recent years, some consideration of the validity of these theories must be garnered.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Epistemological Theories'An Overview
- Belief
- Truth
- Justification
- Reliability
- Summary/Conclusion
«A critical reading of Sunil Khilnani’s arguments in The Idea of India appears to reflect well on the actions taken by Jawaharlal Nehru in his development of the state of India. As described by Khilnani, Nehru had a number of ideas which appear at...» Document abstract
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humanities/philosophy
school essay
date published
04/06/2008
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SummaryA critical reading of Sunil Khilnani’s arguments in The Idea of India appears to reflect well on the actions taken by Jawaharlal Nehru in his development of the state of India. As described by Khilnani, Nehru had a number of ideas which appear at the outset to be in violation of the principles of Gandhianism that had become essential to the development of Indian society. However, when one looks more closely at the actions taken by Nehru, it becomes evident that this leader was incredibly focused on the tenets of Gandhianism. Unlike Gandhi however, Nehru was able to see the problems with putting theory into practice. As such, the leadership that evolved under the rule of Jawaharlal Nehru, while much more pragmatic than that undertaken Gandhi, still has solid roots in the teachings and philosophies espoused by Gandhi.
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- The Duties of the State.
- The Use of Non-Violent Action.
- Socialism.
- Conclusion.
«Here I shall argue against objections raised by J.L. Mackie and Nelson Pike to the Free Will Defense. These philosophers want to know why an omnipotent and wholly good God could not create a world in which everybody acts freely and rightly. I shall...» Document abstract
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Language : english
humanities/philosophy
presentation
date published
03/06/2008
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SummaryHere I shall argue against objections raised by J.L. Mackie and Nelson Pike to the Free Will Defense. These philosophers want to know why an omnipotent and wholly good God could not create a world in which everybody acts freely and rightly. I shall show that this condition is logically impossible because it requires that people have a developed will which chooses these things. However, since people start as children with undeveloped wills the ability to always act rightly and freely would then have to be innate (which would defeat the freely part) or would have to be gained in a sufficiently nurturing environment. But if God interfered with the environment then he would soon have to interfere with nearly everything and our wills would be practically useless because of Holy subversion. So it is not possible for God to create only those people who will always act rightly and freely because everyone is potentially one of those people but to make everyone one of those people would involve constant policing by God.
Table of Contents
- Abstract.
- Logic is a perfectly fine tool until it is applied using nebulous concepts.
- Mackie's coup de grace seems to come when he asks why God can't just let people will whatever they wish.
- It can be a characteristic of will though because an infant must start with only the potential to develop reason.
- To return to the worker metaphor, it is important to realize that someone is not simply being hired for a job which we know is going to be completed.
- The ability to act freely and rightly is learned in childhood not gained by designation or luck.
«References to Asia often bring to mind the stunning beauty of the Orient. Rich cultural tradition coupled with unique design and architecture make Asia appear to be an almost mythical culture to Western citizens. While it is indeed true that Asia is...» Document abstract
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03/06/2008
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SummaryReferences to Asia often bring to mind the stunning beauty of the Orient. Rich cultural tradition coupled with unique design and architecture make Asia appear to be an almost mythical culture to Western citizens. While it is indeed true that Asia is associated with an exotic culture deeply entrenched in historical discourse, researchers examining this region of the globe have note that the region is also struggling to come to terms with maintaining culture in the wake of rapid industrialization and globalization. Although countries such as China have worked hard to balance tradition and progress, it is clear that the changes that have taken place in the country have placed notable stress on citizens. At the present time, many Asian citizens are being economically marginalized because of such rapid development.
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- As family struggle to survive, many women and girls have found work in the brothels of large Asian cities such as Bangkok.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2001) undertook an extensive investigation of the problem.
- . The United Nations has firmly supported the development of human rights policies that protect the rights of society's most vulnerable citizens
- Conclusion.
«Over the course of the twentieth century there have been a number of issues that have promulgated debate. Prayer in public schools, gun control and abortion are among the most notable issues to garner attention. While each of these issues has...» Document abstract
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03/06/2008
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SummaryOver the course of the twentieth century there have been a number of issues that have promulgated debate. Prayer in public schools, gun control and abortion are among the most notable issues to garner attention. While each of these issues has significant ramifications for the development of society, there is one particular issue that continues to polarize debate and unsettle even may of the most liberal politicians. This issue is the capital punishment.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- The Death Penalty and Minorities
- Placed in this context it becomes evident that there are notable disparities between the African Americans and Whites sentenced to death.
«It is arguable that today it is commonly, if subconsciously, accepted that nationality is the most important aspect of one’s identity. Whether it is a national sports team, a national representative at Eurosong, a national author…etc. one’s...» Document abstract
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Language : english
humanities/philosophy
term papers
date published
03/06/2008
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SummaryIt is arguable that today it is commonly, if subconsciously, accepted that nationality is the most important aspect of one’s identity. Whether it is a national sports team, a national representative at Eurosong, a national author…etc. one’s nationality has become the most basic marker of identity. It would be logical then to assume on this basis that having a nation expressed in territorial terms would of the highest priority, and some might even say that this feeling of nationalism and self-determination is an inherent right of all peoples. What is unclear, however, is how these nations come to define themselves, and why they feel they must define themselves in a specific way. For many nations today these questions are taken for granted because they haven’t had to defend them (in their lifetime of course, almost all nations at one point or another have had to “assert” themselves). Today we have certain common markers of identity that distinguish us from other nations and make us unique. These criteria are most commonly seen to be language, religion, a shared history, a common goal, and a common culture (including literature, music, food, mythology, sport, symbols…etc.).
Table of Contents
- Since its annexation by Britain in 1801 Ireland has been fighting for independence from that same nation.
- During the Irish fight for Independence religion was used as a clear marker of difference.
- Another very similar case of identity-forming as a result of a nationalist movement can be seen in Bosnia.
- Just as in Ireland, language and culture were also being used as a means of disintegration.
- It is evident from these two cases that markers of identity such as language, culture, religion and others are manipulated by individuals or groups.
«The anthropological study of capitalism is rendered difficult by the inaccessibility of capitalist subjects as informants, the political legacy of Marxist and socialist movements, and the continuing disagreement over the origins and productions of...» Document abstract
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Language : english
humanities/philosophy
presentation
date published
02/06/2008
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SummaryThe anthropological study of capitalism is rendered difficult by the inaccessibility of capitalist subjects as informants, the political legacy of Marxist and socialist movements, and the continuing disagreement over the origins and productions of capitalism, among other things. However, there are a great many texts that cover the theoretical ground needed to evaluate the competing claims about political economies under conditions of capitalism. Three such texts are Immanuel Wallerstein’s The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System, Dipesh Chakrabarty’s Two Histories of Capital, and Arjun Appadurai’s The Social Life of Things. This paper puts these texts in conversation to explore some of the problems encountered when we try to specify the reach of capitalism and commodities around the world.
Table of Contents
- What emerges from this intertextual give-and-take is a set of helpful and not-so-helpful ways to think about capitalist practices.
- Identifying units of analysis.
- internalizing-via-contradiction.
- Marxist critics like Chakrabarty and Wallerstein are not unaware of this totalizing thrust within their own works.
- historian 1 and the labor of abstracting.
- Rethinking labor and production
- Universal aspirations.
- Conclusion: the end of history (one).
«On the occasion of International Women’s Day, I find myself wanting to write about feminism. I don’t know what wave I am—4th, or maybe some unknowable iteration in the process of being born and matured. But I do know that I think a lot about what it...» Document abstract
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Language : english
humanities/philosophy
presentation
date published
30/05/2008
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SummaryOn the occasion of International Women’s Day, I find myself wanting to write about feminism. I don’t know what wave I am—4th, or maybe some unknowable iteration in the process of being born and matured. But I do know that I think a lot about what it means to be a woman wielding her power in the world, and today I thought I’d share some of those thoughts with you. They don’t have much to do with Nepal, except peripherally, so my apologies.
Table of Contents
- We (women) be able to choose with whom and under what circumstances we have sex, have a baby, and get married
- For years we have fought to get equal pay for equal work, we have had to be better than our male counterparts.
- After all that has come before, it should be obvious that the feminist movement served more than one purpose.
- There are continua upon continua of discrimination, of disrespect, or turning-a-blind-eye on the part of the world.
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