Impacts des multinationales sur l'économie mondiale - exemple détaillé de Nike

Exposé Économie & marchés Économie internationale

Date de publication :

03/02/2009

Langue :

Anglais

Format :

.doc

Nombre de pages :

5 pages

Niveau :

avancé

Consulté :

2 fois

Avis client :

non évalué

Validé par :

le comité Oboulo.com

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Sommaire :

Sommaire

Theoretical approach: the contrasted impacts of multinational firms (MNF) in the world economy
1. A virtuous circle for the global economy created by the MNF
2. Limits of the MNF's impact
3. Threats of MNF
Empirical approach: the case of the Nike MNF
1. What makes Nike a multinational firm
2. The beneficial impact of Nike
3. The unfavourable impact of Nike

Résumé :

Nowadays, there are about 65 000 Multinational Firms (MNF). A firm is multinational when this one realizes Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), like the creation, the repurchase of a production plant or the creation of a subsidiary. Thus, a FDI is a capital transfer. Moreover, all company which owns at least one subsidiary abroad can be considered as a multinational firm.

The increase of the number of these international firms for several years is the proof of a constant globalization. Actually, at the origins, the research of material rows out of the country and the necessity to find opportunities when exportations are complicated were the first reasons to the development of the MNF. Since 1980, increasing FDI (see appendix 1) are the main factor to the globalization due to the liberalism wave. Thereafter, the researches of the reduction of labour costs as well as the proximity with the local demand were the priority.
Now, more and more companies organize their production on a global scale and thus generate an increasing trade through exchanges between their subsidiaries. But we can find some limits to this phenomenon.

Today, multinational firms account for two-thirds to three-quarters of world exports, and more than a third of world exports are between affiliated firms. That is the reason why, it is obvious that multinational firms play a major role in the global economy. But at the same time, this too important role could be double-edged. As a result, we can delimit this problematic: in which measures multinational firms have contrasted impacts in the world economy?

In a first part, we will talk about the theoretical approach of these contrasted impacts in the world economy. Secondly, we will talk about an empirical approach and precisely the case of the multinational firm: nike.