L'influence du pétrole sur les politiques et la stabilité des Etats du Moyen-Orient

Exposé Politique & international Sciences politiques

Date de publication :

11/06/2008

Langue :

Anglais

Format :

.doc

Nombre de pages :

6 pages

Niveau :

grand public

Consulté :

1 fois

Avis client :

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Sommaire :

Sommaire

A major threat for the stability of the region
1. The Weigh of oil on the economy
2. The impact of oil on the diplomacy
A pleague for the governance within the state
1. Corruption and rent seeking
2. A hamper for the participation of the people

Résumé :

As it is argued by Raymond Hinnenbush, "The core periphery struggle over oil has been a dominant theme in the region's politics from the overthrow of Iran's Mossadeq to the formation of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to the second Gulf war."
The oil discovery in the Middle East in the 1950's has induced a shift in the development of the region and in the construction of the State. It has implied he development of an oil industry.
Oil has turned into a "burning" issue since it has become the main source of energy taking the advantage on coal or gas. Oil is a scarce resource that is found in the ground or under the sea, and that requires high technology and investments to extract and to refine. Therefore though the sub-oil minerals are the property of the State, no country in the region had the ability to develop these resources. Therefore concessions agreements were passed between oil-rich states and foreign companies, the "majors". It has provided a renter revenue to these states and particularly for the politics.

The influence of oil on the development of the state and the rise of a kind of regime in the Middle East has to be questioned through the oil perspective. The question of the compatibility between on the one hand oil, and on the other hand democratic and good governance principles has to be raised.
The discovery of an unexpected income in ill-developed countries has lead domestically to skip a stage/step in the state development and tended to biase the structure of governance, and regionally to jeopardize the environment and create unfavourable context for development.