«The negative reality of its effect on state relations and world order in This raises the question of whether capitalism is a positive force in international ...» Document abstract
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5 pdf format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
20/07/2006
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
requested 9 times
SummaryIn 1995, the 200 most powerful multi-national corporations controlled approximately one third
of the world GNP The turnover of these companies sometimes exceeds the GNP of some
countries: one example is General Motors which with a turnover of 132 billion dollars surpasses
the GNP of Indonesia. Confronted with the power of these companies, one must acknowledge
their importance in international relations, in the context of a capitalist world economy.
Capitalism is “an economic system in which all or most of the means of production and
distribution are privately owned and operated in a relatively competitive environment through
the investment of capital to produce profits” . Since the collapse of communism following the
fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, capitalism has become the hegemonic ideal and the dominant
economic trend. Criticism of this ideology however, has not ceased, considering that nearly half
the world's population (2.8 billion people) live on less than US$2 per day. This raises the
question of whether capitalism is a positive force in international relations and what are its
consequences for both developed and third world countries.
Table of Contents
- The theory of capitalism and the benefits promoted, notably progress
- The negative reality of its effect on state relations and world order in general
« Rodley have underlined the possible negative effects of by the introduction of capitalism in societies Nonetheless, globalization has a positive impact since ...» Document abstract
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6 word format
Language : english
international law
presentation
date published
18/04/2006
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
requested 6 times
SummaryHumanitarian intervention deals with two academic fields: political philosophy and international law. The question of intervention depends on the morality and on the legality of the intervention. Is humanitarian intervention a moral duty for states? Is humanitarian intervention a right for states? Those two questions will be the core of our argument in this essay.
Table of Contents
- Traditional Approaches about humanitarian interventions
- Theoretical objections to humanitarian interventions
- Theoretical approaches in favour of humanitarian intervention: Solidarist international society theory
- The ambiguous case of the United Nations
- A renewal of approaches since the end of the Cold War: practice and theory
- 'NATO's humanitarian intervention in Kosovo: making or breaking international law?'
- The effects of globalization and the arising of non- forcible intervention
« imperialism argue that the process is positive: "providing international an empire is having a negative impact on Further, the pursuit of capitalism has led to ...» Document abstract
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5 word format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
17/06/2008
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 0 times
SummaryOver the course of the last two centuries, the United States has established itself as an economic, political and military leader in the international community. Although it is quite evident that the US has been the dominant world power throughout the course of the twentieth century, like many great empires, the United States appears to be on the decline. In addition to the fact that the US is not the thriving economic center that it once was, current economic data on other countries and regions of the world suggest that the US will continue to decline as developing nations push toward industrialization. Despite this reality, the United States government continues to press forward asserting its primacy and hegemony in the international community.With the realization that the US as an empire is one the decline, there is a clear impetus to examine how the government’s primacy will impact the nation with respect to the international community. Using this as a basis for investigation, this research seeks to answer the following question: Is US primacy actually a stimulus to war, or a means of achieving international order? Through a careful consideration of what has been written about US hegemony and its impact on the development of international relations, it will be possible to demonstrate that US primacy is a precipitant of war.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- The Current Position of the United States
- Assessing the Current Position of the United States
- Defining Terrorism
- Conclusion
« indirect, as well as the positive and negative effects of was said to be half way between socialism and capitalism. These effects are quite positive for Sweden ...» Document abstract
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8 word format
Language : english
political science
presentation
date published
14/03/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 5 times
SummarySweden officially joined the European Union on January 1st, 1995. Since that time Sweden is part of the European Union, but it is said to be one of the most Euro-sceptical members of the Union. What are the causes for this strong Swedish Euro-scepticism? It is linked to the special social structure of Sweden, characterized by the well-known universal welfare state, and the Social-Democrat dominated state, linked to the importance of the trade unions in Sweden, as Sweden has approximately 80 percent of Unions’ members.
So we can wonder what the consequences of Sweden’s entrance in the European Union on the Swedish model were, and focus mainly on its economic aftermath. To what extent can the roots of the Swedish Euro-scepticism be found in the Swedish model? What were the different points of view over the European question in Sweden? Are the doubts over Europe linked to the economic and social results of the European Union membership?
So we can wonder what the consequences of Sweden’s entrance in the European Union on the Swedish model were, and focus mainly on its economic aftermath. To what extent can the roots of the Swedish Euro-scepticism be found in the Swedish model? What were the different points of view over the European question in Sweden? Are the doubts over Europe linked to the economic and social results of the European Union membership?
Table of Contents
- Basic tenants of the swedish model
- The swedish debate over the european question
- The consequences of european union membership on swedish welfare state and economy
« Basic capitalism works in the Internet sphere; cash flow is still expected to come from merchandizing online Review both positive and negative aspects so ...» Document abstract
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18 word format
Language : english
psychology
term papers
date published
11/12/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 4 times
SummaryIn determining the five most critical aspects of a media strategy, our group immediately noticed that there was correlation between the question asked and a portion of our class notes. In class on October 15, 2007, Dr. Parrish-Sprowl identified what he believed to be the most important aspects of an effective media strategy. As graduate students, we felt it necessary to get secondary sources to confirm these five aspects and thus each section includes an additional resource that states the importance of the particular ingredient that is needed for an effective media strategy. The five most important aspects of an effective media strategy are : defining a goal, choosing the media you will use, selecting a target audience, creating and following a budget, and planning, timeline, and management. These items are all interrelated and are of equal importance, although the weight and attention given to them may vary depending on the particular media strategy.
« Peretto (1998).27 The driving force behind this increasing the public knowledge stock (positive scale effects firm's R&D becomes smaller (negative scale effects ...» Document abstract
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260 word format
Language : english
economics
theses
date published
27/07/2006
review : not yet assessed
level : Expert
requested 33 times
SummaryFor several reasons, knowledge cannot be treated like any other commodity. One of these reasons is the nonrivalrous nature of knowledge, which means that one person’s use of certain knowledge does not diminish another person’s use of the same knowledge (at the same time). This important property of knowledge is used in several early models of R&D-based growth1,
e.g. Romer (1990), Grossman and Helpman (1991), and Aghion and Howitt (1992). In these models this property leads to a scale effect, which boils down to larger economies growing faster than smaller economies (with the measure of size suitably defined (cf. Backus, Kehoe and Kehoe 1992)).
In an influential paper, Jones (1995a) pointed out that growth with scale effects, as predicted
by the early models of R&D-based growth, is inconsistent with empirical facts. Over the last
40 years the OECD countries have experienced a tremendous rise in the number of people involved in R&D activities whereas the growth rates of per-capita income have shown no corresponding increase. This is a puzzling observation and has led to new models of R&D- based growth that did not incorporate scale effects e.g. Jones (1995b), Smulders and van de Klundert (1995), Young (1998), Li (2000), and Peretto and Smulders (2002).
Generally, however, these models suffer from the ‘Solow critique’; Solow (1994) criticizes
(some) growth theorists because they “… often just insert favorable assumptions in an unearned way; and then when they put in their thumb and pull out the vary plum they have inserted, there is a tendency to think that something has been proved.” (p. 53). In the models
of growth without scale effects the prediction of a scale effects in growth of the early models
of R&D-based growth is removed by limiting the extent of the spillovers associated with knowledge’s nonrivalrousness, but often the much-needed (micro-)economic foundation for
the crucial assumption in these models regarding the extent of knowledge spillovers - and the
mechanism limiting their extent - is lacking. Assuming that knowledge is rivalrous (not nonrivalrous) to limit spillovers and dispose of the scale effects prediction of the early models
of R&D-based growth simply does not shed much light on the issue of growth without scale effects however.
provide background information regarding, amongst others, work discussed in the main text, data used in figures, etc.
e.g. Romer (1990), Grossman and Helpman (1991), and Aghion and Howitt (1992). In these models this property leads to a scale effect, which boils down to larger economies growing faster than smaller economies (with the measure of size suitably defined (cf. Backus, Kehoe and Kehoe 1992)).
In an influential paper, Jones (1995a) pointed out that growth with scale effects, as predicted
by the early models of R&D-based growth, is inconsistent with empirical facts. Over the last
40 years the OECD countries have experienced a tremendous rise in the number of people involved in R&D activities whereas the growth rates of per-capita income have shown no corresponding increase. This is a puzzling observation and has led to new models of R&D- based growth that did not incorporate scale effects e.g. Jones (1995b), Smulders and van de Klundert (1995), Young (1998), Li (2000), and Peretto and Smulders (2002).
Generally, however, these models suffer from the ‘Solow critique’; Solow (1994) criticizes
(some) growth theorists because they “… often just insert favorable assumptions in an unearned way; and then when they put in their thumb and pull out the vary plum they have inserted, there is a tendency to think that something has been proved.” (p. 53). In the models
of growth without scale effects the prediction of a scale effects in growth of the early models
of R&D-based growth is removed by limiting the extent of the spillovers associated with knowledge’s nonrivalrousness, but often the much-needed (micro-)economic foundation for
the crucial assumption in these models regarding the extent of knowledge spillovers - and the
mechanism limiting their extent - is lacking. Assuming that knowledge is rivalrous (not nonrivalrous) to limit spillovers and dispose of the scale effects prediction of the early models
of R&D-based growth simply does not shed much light on the issue of growth without scale effects however.
provide background information regarding, amongst others, work discussed in the main text, data used in figures, etc.
Table of Contents
- Grouth and scale effects
- Knowledge, R&D and spilovers, at the firm
- Grouth without scale effects and structural
- Measurement issues in the study of R&D-based
- The product life cycle, demand
1
knowledge network
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