«Most people will agree that there are two main types of compound words, endocentric and exocentric. Endocentric compounds are those where the rightmost constituent, called the grammatical head, is what defines the category of speech and the...» Document abstract
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Language : english
linguistics
research papers
date published
03/01/2008
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SummaryMost people will agree that there are two main types of compound words, endocentric and exocentric. Endocentric compounds are those where the rightmost constituent, called the grammatical head, is what defines the category of speech and the semantic interpretation of the word. Exocentric compounds are generally believed to not be definable by either constituent and are therefore said to be headless.
«The role metaphor plays in language is viewed differently by scholars in different fields. The extremes are the classical view based on Aristotle’s writings about metaphor and the Romantic view. Those that follow the classical view see metaphor as...» Document abstract
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3 word format
Language : english
linguistics
school essay
date published
17/12/2007
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level : Advanced
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SummaryThe role metaphor plays in language is viewed differently by scholars in different fields. The extremes are the classical view based on Aristotle’s writings about metaphor and the Romantic view. Those that follow the classical view see metaphor as a purely literary device used to decorate language and those that follow the Romantic view believe absolutely all language is metaphorical (Saeed 1997). While Cognitivists lean toward the Romantic view, they don’t go as far as to say that all language is metaphorical; however, they do claim that metaphor is found in everyday life, not only in language but in thought and actions as well (Lakoff and Johnson 1980). Needless to say, the various theories of metaphor and its function are abundant and a complete review of metaphor is beyond the scope of this paper. I will therefore give some general background information about metaphor and then focus on ANIMAL for HUMAN metaphor.
«The ability to compound words in the English language has always been a very productive method of adding new words to the lexicon. Compound words are generally formed in one of two ways, as root compounds or synthetically. Whichever way they are...» Document abstract
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3 word format
Language : english
linguistics
school essay
date published
17/12/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
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SummaryThe ability to compound words in the English language has always been a very productive method of adding new words to the lexicon. Compound words are generally formed in one of two ways, as root compounds or synthetically. Whichever way they are formed, the rightmost constituent is always the grammatical head of the compound in English. Synthetic compounds are those with a grammatical head that is derived from a verb plus an affix, for example truck driver (drive + er) or truck driving (drive + ing). A root compound is one that is made by combining two or more free morphemes: for example tree house. The noun house is modified by the noun tree resulting in the root compound tree house, a type of house found in a tree.
«Every time a person opens his or her mouth to speak that person is speaking not only a language but a dialect of that language as well. It is a common misconception that only certain people whose pronunciations vary from what is considered Standard...» Document abstract
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7 word format
Language : english
linguistics
research papers
date published
07/12/2007
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level : Advanced
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SummaryEvery time a person opens his or her mouth to speak that person is speaking not only a language but a dialect of that language as well. It is a common misconception that only certain people whose pronunciations vary from what is considered Standard American English, speak a dialect. In fact, there are so many different dialects of American English today that it has been said looking at the different varieties is like looking at varieties of the American climate, “how many we find depends on how closely we look.” 1
In this paper I would like to take a closer look at one of the common uses of a dialect, namely, the use of a dialect as a form of identity. I would also like to examine factors that could potentially alter whether or not a person continues to use a dialect in this manner. I have previously done some research on the Finnish influenced dialect of English found in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (2002) and its use as a form of identity and I see many similarities with William Labov's findings regarding dialect as a form of identity on Martha's Vineyard (1962, 1972). However, I have also uncovered some more recent research that indicates this use of the dialect is phasing out on Martha's Vineyard (Josey 2002). This did not appear to be the case in the Upper Peninsula. I will propose that this variation is a result of the differences in population growth and economic structure between the Upper Peninsula and Martha's Vineyard.
In this paper I would like to take a closer look at one of the common uses of a dialect, namely, the use of a dialect as a form of identity. I would also like to examine factors that could potentially alter whether or not a person continues to use a dialect in this manner. I have previously done some research on the Finnish influenced dialect of English found in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (2002) and its use as a form of identity and I see many similarities with William Labov's findings regarding dialect as a form of identity on Martha's Vineyard (1962, 1972). However, I have also uncovered some more recent research that indicates this use of the dialect is phasing out on Martha's Vineyard (Josey 2002). This did not appear to be the case in the Upper Peninsula. I will propose that this variation is a result of the differences in population growth and economic structure between the Upper Peninsula and Martha's Vineyard.
Similarities and Differences in Men’s and Women’s Cooperative Speaking Styles: An Analysis of Book Club Discussions
«Some of the most frequently referred to but potentially erroneous stereotypes regarding gendered speaking style differences involve dichotomies. Men are competitive – women are cooperative. Men focus on impersonal topics – women focus on personal...» Document abstract
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Language : english
linguistics
research papers
date published
07/12/2007
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level : Advanced
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SummarySome of the most frequently referred to but potentially erroneous stereotypes regarding gendered speaking style differences involve dichotomies. Men are competitive – women are cooperative. Men focus on impersonal topics – women focus on personal topics. Men’s speech is to report – women’s speech is for rapport. The problem with these stereotypes is that language styles are not mutually exclusive to individual genders. Much of the past language and gender research has been based on analyzing these perceived dichotomies in an effort to challenge or corroborate the stereotypes. This research has shown that language styles are not exclusive to gender and more importantly it has brought to light the fact that language and gender cannot be studied in isolation from other social factors.
«Every time a person opens his or her mouth to speak that person is speaking not only a language but a dialect of that language as well. It is a common misconception that only certain people whose pronunciations vary from what is considered Standard...» Document abstract
$6.95
7 word format
Language : english
linguistics
term papers
date published
04/12/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 4 times
SummaryEvery time a person opens his or her mouth to speak that person is speaking not only a language but a dialect of that language as well. It is a common misconception that only certain people whose pronunciations vary from what is considered Standard American English, speak a dialect. In fact, there are so many different dialects of American English today that it has been said looking at the different varieties is like looking at varieties of the American climate, “how many we find depends on how closely we look.” 1
In this paper I would like to take a closer look at one of the common uses of a dialect, namely, the use of a dialect as a form of identity. I would also like to examine factors that could potentially alter whether or not a person continues to use a dialect in this manner. I have previously done some research on the Finnish influenced dialect of English found in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (2002) and its use as a form of identity and I see many similarities with William Labov's findings regarding dialect as a form of identity on Martha's Vineyard (1962, 1972).
In this paper I would like to take a closer look at one of the common uses of a dialect, namely, the use of a dialect as a form of identity. I would also like to examine factors that could potentially alter whether or not a person continues to use a dialect in this manner. I have previously done some research on the Finnish influenced dialect of English found in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (2002) and its use as a form of identity and I see many similarities with William Labov's findings regarding dialect as a form of identity on Martha's Vineyard (1962, 1972).
«When a person sits down to work on a crossword puzzle the thought probably does not cross their mind that they are calling on various forms of linguistic knowledge in solving the crossword clues. The majority of basic language knowledge and usage is...» Document abstract
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9 word format
Language : english
linguistics
research papers
date published
04/12/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 4 times
SummaryWhen a person sits down to work on a crossword puzzle the thought probably does not cross their mind that they are calling on various forms of linguistic knowledge in solving the crossword clues. The majority of basic language knowledge and usage is an unconscious phenomenon. It has been said that people “take language for granted because it comes so quickly and automatically.” As a result of this unconscious nature of language people rarely give consideration to the actual linguistic process of how they answer the questions that crossword clues pose. However, to anyone who studies linguistics, it seems obvious that there is a connection between crossword puzzles and semantics.
«Le problème avec la colonisation est toujours là. La plupart du continent africain a été gouverné par un autre pays à quelque temps ou un autre. Le Sénégal est un de ces pays. Le Sénégal est situé à l’ouest du continent africain, entouré de l’océan...» Document abstract
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2 word format
Language : english
linguistics
school essay
date published
23/10/2007
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level : General public
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SummaryLe problème avec la colonisation est toujours là. La plupart du continent africain a été gouverné par un autre pays à quelque temps ou un autre. Le Sénégal est un de ces pays. Le Sénégal est situé à l’ouest du continent africain, entouré de l’océan Atlantique, de la Mauritanie, du Mali, et de la Guinée-Bissau. Il est divisé en deux parties: la région naturelle de Casamance, et le reste du pays. C’est un des pays les plus varies de l’Afrique, qui contient de 35 langues locales, plusieurs religions et groupes ethniques. Quand les Français ont colonisé ce pays, ils ont installé le français comme la langue officielle, leur système de gouvernement et de l’éducation. Actuellement, Sénégal toujours possède le français comme langue officielle à l’initiative du premier président après l’indépendance, Senghor.
«From the summer of 1967 through 1969, rock-and-roll floated on a cloud of acid and love. The formerly mop-topped teen idols the Beatles did not miss the magic bus, first dabbling in psychedelia on 1965’s Rubber Soul. The Fab Four continued to...» Document abstract
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Language : english
linguistics
presentation
date published
07/08/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
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SummaryFrom the summer of 1967 through 1969, rock-and-roll floated on a cloud of acid and love. The formerly mop-topped teen idols the Beatles did not miss the magic bus, first dabbling in psychedelia on 1965’s Rubber Soul. The Fab Four continued to experiment throughout the decade, culminating in the recording of 1969’s Abbey Road, the last session that all four members of the group would sit in on together. As the Beatles were falling apart, so was the era of peace and love they helped define. The Vietnam War as well as opposition to it continued to escalate, and the mood of American and British youths quickly shifted. A sect of popular music soon followed the dark turn when Black Sabbath released their self-titled debut in 1970, forging the template for heavy metal. In that same year, Ozzy Osbourne and company put out the classic Paranoid, which continues to inspire metal and “stoner rock” bands today. As Abbey Road is the sound of the height of ‘60’s idealism, Paranoid is the soundtrack of the dream crashing down into doomed realism.
Table of Contents- Challenged by Bob Dylan and the Rolling Stones, the Beatles greatly expanded their work musically and lyrically beginning in the mid-1960s
- Although Let It Be would be the group's final release, Abbey Road, recorded in the legendary summer of '69, is the band's true swan song
- The love is nowhere to be found in Black Sabbath's body of work.
- While loose blues threads tie Abbey Road and Paranoid together, they offer differing portrayals of the world
«I intend to explicate Derek Parfit’s view regarding personal identity as nothing more than non-branching psychological continuity. I will be brief in my discussion to avoid redundancy, as I have more deeply explicated Parfit’s infamous view in my...» Document abstract
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2 word format
Language : english
linguistics
presentation
date published
07/08/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 5 times
SummaryI intend to explicate Derek Parfit’s view regarding personal identity as nothing more than non-branching psychological continuity. I will be brief in my discussion to avoid redundancy, as I have more deeply explicated Parfit’s infamous view in my previous paper, “Parfit’s View of Personal Identity.” Further, I will discuss the vast implications of Parfit’s view of persons as a series of psychologically continuous selves related by differing degrees of psychological connectedness. I will defend Parfit’s identification of psychological continuity as the criterion for personal identity. However, in defending the basic theory, I will argue that the psychologically continuous successive selves that constitute a person will typically never be as distantly related as Parfit implies. Therefore, I will argue further that the prevailing beliefs of persons that Parfit himself identifies as susceptible to his view are in fact mostly compatible with his view, and therefore, additional evidence for a Parfitian view of personal identity.
Table of Contents- In his essay 'Personal Identity,' Parfit discusses his infamous view of a person as a series of psychologically continuous selves
- However, human behavior suggests there is a substantive self underneath
- The implications of Parfit's view of the nature of persons are greatly unsettling and even disturbing
- Generally, most persons maintain a much greater degree of psychological connectedness to their former selves than the amnesiac
- However, Parfit excessively discounts the role of instinct in this irrational fear
- They typically closely psychologically resemble the criminal earlier selves that were originally incarcerated, although there are of course, exceptions
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