«A hallucination typically connotes a bad meaning for the character who admits to having one; either the person is mentally unstable or he experiences a hallucination from the consumption of illicit drugs. However, in James Joyce’s novel Ulysses...» Document abstract
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SummaryA hallucination typically connotes a bad meaning for the character who admits to having one; either the person is mentally unstable or he experiences a hallucination from the consumption of illicit drugs. However, in James Joyce’s novel Ulysses there is a different meaning to the word all together. The main character, Leopold Bloom, experiences a wide range of hallucinations in the Circe episode, but not from the intake of drugs or because he is mentally unstable. Instead, Bloom experiences hallucinations from the atmosphere of Dublin’s Red Light District, named Nighttown, which is the setting for the episode. It is in this area that belief is suspended and fantasy takes over. Nighttown allows Bloom’s mind to wander and delve into great detail about the masochistic hallucinations he experiences. There are numerous hallucinations that Bloom endures, but for the sake of brevity two will be discussed: the first, when Bloom stands trial for writing adulterous letters to women, and the second occurs when he is dominated by the whore mistress Bella Cohen. It is in these specific instances that reveal the unconscious character of Leopold Bloom. The stream-of-conscious technique or even a straight narrative format with character monologues would not be able to clarify as well as the technique that Joyce uses. The hallucination technique is the sole means of opening up Bloom’s unconscious that reveals a man with feelings of sexual guilt.
«“I am a sick man” are the opening words to Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novella Notes from Underground. For the narrator, the Underground Man is both figuratively and literally sick – his liver hurts but he will not receive treatment from doctors. Indeed,...» Document abstract
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Summary“I am a sick man” are the opening words to Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novella Notes from Underground. For the narrator, the Underground Man is both figuratively and literally sick – his liver hurts but he will not receive treatment from doctors. Indeed, only a ‘sick man’ would choose to let his liver rot. Yet there is a strange philosophy embedded within the Underground Man’s words: through irrationality, spitefulness and arbitrariness he will pronounce his existence. His purpose for existence is his freewill.
“Physiognomy in The Jungle, The Rise of Silas Lapham, The Marrow of Tradition and The Portrait of a Lady”
«A red colored complexion signifies a fiery temperament. A yellow or green hue of the skin may hint at sickness. A square jaw means the epitome of masculinity. Authors such as Upton Sinclair, Henry James, Charles W. Chesnutt and William Dean Howells...» Document abstract
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SummaryA red colored complexion signifies a fiery temperament. A yellow or green hue of the skin may hint at sickness. A square jaw means the epitome of masculinity. Authors such as Upton Sinclair, Henry James, Charles W. Chesnutt and William Dean Howells used physiognomy to relay important qualities about their characters. For instance, Jurgis and Ona are presented as the ideal couple in The Jungle because of their fertility, intelligence and hardworking nature; there are the stereotypical Mammy Jane from The Marrow of Tradition and Silas Lapham from The Rise of Silas Lapham, each one an epitome of their femininity and masculinity, respectfully; but in contrast, there are the effeminate male characters of Gilbert Osmond from The Portrait of a Lady and Mr. Corey from The Rise of Silas Lapham; and finally, Isabel Archer, the preeminent ideal of ‘goodness’ from The Portrait of a Lady, and her antithesis, the evil Captain McBane from The Marrow of Tradition. I will examine the characters to show how their appearance relates to their behavior and sensibility.
«In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet meets his demise with acceptance as he has reached a matured, highly introspective level of self-awareness. His state of satisfaction derives from a rigorous course of transformation. Throughout the play, he...» Document abstract
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SummaryIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet meets his demise with acceptance as he has reached a matured, highly introspective level of self-awareness. His state of satisfaction derives from a rigorous course of transformation. Throughout the play, he explores the design of mankind which he believes to dictate certain flaws innate in each individual. Hamlet later applies the ideological revelation to his own character, plunging deeply within himself to discover the extent of his wisdom and power, stretching his morality to a breaking point when he directly instigates the deaths of Polonius, Rosenkrantz, and Guildenstern. Through heavy contemplation, he determines each course of action and develops each self-governing principle proving that no misguided fortune, or random error, commanded his death. In fact, an order exists to each set of principles as well as each series events. By Aristotle’s definition, Hamlet cannot be a tragic hero. His evolving sense of self and thorough comprehension of the design of mankind leads him to a content finality.
«William Faulkner’s novel, As I Lay Dying portrays confused characters who attempt to assuage their instabilities by deferring to a higher force. Typically, people look to religion to reconcile haunting ambiguities and fill the voids in their lives....» Document abstract
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SummaryWilliam Faulkner’s novel, As I Lay Dying portrays confused characters who attempt to assuage their instabilities by deferring to a higher force. Typically, people look to religion to reconcile haunting ambiguities and fill the voids in their lives. Establishing a secure belief system provides comfort and reveals the desperately sought answers. Often, ideology dictates actions and determines the moral responsibility of the individual. Perhaps more significant than the actual principles that govern people’s actions are the ways in which people structure their notions of God in order to alleviate inner-turmoil and justify seemingly uncontrollable events. Religious precepts become the outlet for relieving unresolved curiosities and defining ethical lifestyles. Resolution results from rationalization derived by concrete spiritual guidelines. In the novel, the characters manipulate their relationships with God to define their respective identities.
«The Beatles echo popular sentiment with their hit tune from the 60’s, “Can’t buy me love.” The lyrics profess that love holds more value than money or materialistic cravings. Certainly, a romantic relationship can yield substantial benefits to both...» Document abstract
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SummaryThe Beatles echo popular sentiment with their hit tune from the 60’s, “Can’t buy me love.” The lyrics profess that love holds more value than money or materialistic cravings. Certainly, a romantic relationship can yield substantial benefits to both participants, including companionship, intimacy, stability and status. However, must a couple share love to realize these comforts? Love, with its accompanying emotional distractions—jealousy, envy and insecurity—can prove burdensome and impractical over time. Subtract love from the equation and the remainder equals two people seeking social and financial advancement. Marriage may mark modern man’s most memorable misconception. Without potential profit motive, no logical reason exists for such a union to endure. In relationships, the desire for gain overpowers the need for love.
In the novel Pride and Prejudice, ulterior motives hide behind the guise of good intentions. Miss Bingley claims that she and her brother remain in London because she wants her brother, Charles Bingley, to be happy.
In the novel Pride and Prejudice, ulterior motives hide behind the guise of good intentions. Miss Bingley claims that she and her brother remain in London because she wants her brother, Charles Bingley, to be happy.
«Each individual develops his own vision of the universe. A naïve person looks up to the sky to see the moon and strains to glimpse a shooting star, or perhaps, a distant planet. Euphoric about what appears in the distance, he becomes oblivious to...» Document abstract
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SummaryEach individual develops his own vision of the universe. A naïve person looks up to the sky to see the moon and strains to glimpse a shooting star, or perhaps, a distant planet. Euphoric about what appears in the distance, he becomes oblivious to what lies directly in front of him. Spending all of his life gazing at the galaxy, he misses the view of his own world. A cunning individual peers up to the heavens and understand his position in the alignment of the planets. He zeroes in on the stars, noticing the flaws in each seemingly perfect constellation. Yet, he remains grounded enough to view people so close up that he can almost watch thoughts flow through their minds. In William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar, and William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies, both authors show that a naïve person loses his focus, while a cunning person navigates the difficult passages necessary to succeed.
«No matter how hard a person tries, he cannot escape a world exploding with discrimination, violence, and blind hatred. The smell of death permeates the streets as wars rage and the taste of man’s inhumanity lingers in the air. An idealistic...» Document abstract
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SummaryNo matter how hard a person tries, he cannot escape a world exploding with discrimination, violence, and blind hatred. The smell of death permeates the streets as wars rage and the taste of man’s inhumanity lingers in the air. An idealistic individual attempts to shield himself from the evil, constructing a house adorned with beautiful stained glass windows. Why step outside when the inside appears glorious and full of light? He fails to realize that at any given moment, intruders can smash the panes and turn those brilliant colors to the darkness of night. The novel, A Separate Peace, by John Knowles illustrates how harsh realities ultimately shatter lives by creating an impossible burden.
«Organized religion epitomizes man’s need to give order and meaning to his life. Philosophy represents his effort to rationalize the principles of his faith and conduct. Acceptance of God or an all-powerful supreme being who governs the universe...» Document abstract
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SummaryOrganized religion epitomizes man’s need to give order and meaning to his life. Philosophy represents his effort to rationalize the principles of his faith and conduct. Acceptance of God or an all-powerful supreme being who governs the universe remains the cornerstone of most major religions, but the fate of civilization depends upon the actions of the individual. Yet, people often invest too much of themselves in their personal philosophies. Allowing one’s beliefs to determine his behavior may prove spiritually beneficial, but allowing those morals to dictate his emotions minimizes the human experience. Adherence to a strong belief system denotes weakness of character.
In the novel Fathers and Sons, inflexibility of beliefs leads to self-destruction
In the novel Fathers and Sons, inflexibility of beliefs leads to self-destruction
«"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mocking bird," explains Miss...» Document abstract
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Summary"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a mocking bird," explains Miss Maudie in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. This is a simple concept to understand but it becomes a very complex and unifying metaphor in this novel. The action of the story centers about two particular characters. The first is Boo Radley who is a rarely seen neighbor that the community gossips about. He has been locked away from the world, by his father, for much of his life. The community propagates stories of him only coming out at night to hunt animals for food. The children both delight in and fear Boo Radley. Scout, Jem, and Dill spend their summer peeking in the Radley’s windows and trying to make a connection with Boo. The children do forge a friendship with Radley. He leaves little gifts for them in a hole in a tree along a street. In this part of the novel "the emphasis is on people of a race and culture different from that of the Finch children, but it also includes the eccentric Boo Radleys of the world who are so different from the people we are "(Johnson 2).
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