« Nation-state and globalization This essay deals with one of the most controversial questions in today's social science debates: the relationship between the ...» Document abstract
$9.95
11 word format
Language : english
political science
presentation
date published
20/02/2007
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level : Expert
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SummaryThis essay deals with one of the most controversial questions in today’s social science debates: the relationship between the nation-state and globalisation. Globalisation, understood quite loosely here as a series of contemporary and unprecedented developments in the economic, social and cultural integration of world market and societies – in other words, a general sense of the shortening of distance between here and there, us and the Other – implies a new definition of the field of social relationships, a definition that is much less centred on the national level and takes more account of the global.
In these conditions, the end of the nation-state may be at hand. According to this view, the nation-state, which has been the only entity of international importance since the Westphalia treaties of 1648, is now the subject of increasing strains. It is doomed to lose more and more of its power in the twenty-first century. In the realm of worldwide action and global participation, how can the territorially limited and ideologically outdated nation-state survive ?
One should always be cautious about seemingly-obvious statements, especially on issues of national reach. Lessons from the past show us that the nation-state has flourished from very sturdy roots, roots that have many times proven stronger than the winds of change. Still, some signs, such as the appearance of many new institutions of global governance, cannot be ignored: what scope remains for the state in the new distribution of power brought about by globalisation ?
I will attempt here to show that the most challenging aspect of globalisation for the nation-state is not economic revolution, contrary to common belief. Indeed integration of world markets adds as many opportunities for states as it does bounds to their sovereignty. Globalisation also means new forms of contacts and exchanges between cultures, making people ever more aware of global issues that concern all of humanity. I will argue that it is in this new “global consciousness” that the greatest threats for the sovereignty and legitimacy of nation-states lie, with one crucial question lying in waiting: will future globalisation be up to the challenge of democracy and accountability?
This essay will be structured around two parts. In the first one, I will tackle the still burning debate of economic globalisation and the fate of the nation-states, taking sides with those who do not want to proclaim the end of the nation-state too soon. In the second part, I will concentrate on more political and social issues, attempting in a few words to show that globalisation requires new forms of democracy that may prove a big challenge to contemporary political organisations.
In these conditions, the end of the nation-state may be at hand. According to this view, the nation-state, which has been the only entity of international importance since the Westphalia treaties of 1648, is now the subject of increasing strains. It is doomed to lose more and more of its power in the twenty-first century. In the realm of worldwide action and global participation, how can the territorially limited and ideologically outdated nation-state survive ?
One should always be cautious about seemingly-obvious statements, especially on issues of national reach. Lessons from the past show us that the nation-state has flourished from very sturdy roots, roots that have many times proven stronger than the winds of change. Still, some signs, such as the appearance of many new institutions of global governance, cannot be ignored: what scope remains for the state in the new distribution of power brought about by globalisation ?
I will attempt here to show that the most challenging aspect of globalisation for the nation-state is not economic revolution, contrary to common belief. Indeed integration of world markets adds as many opportunities for states as it does bounds to their sovereignty. Globalisation also means new forms of contacts and exchanges between cultures, making people ever more aware of global issues that concern all of humanity. I will argue that it is in this new “global consciousness” that the greatest threats for the sovereignty and legitimacy of nation-states lie, with one crucial question lying in waiting: will future globalisation be up to the challenge of democracy and accountability?
This essay will be structured around two parts. In the first one, I will tackle the still burning debate of economic globalisation and the fate of the nation-states, taking sides with those who do not want to proclaim the end of the nation-state too soon. In the second part, I will concentrate on more political and social issues, attempting in a few words to show that globalisation requires new forms of democracy that may prove a big challenge to contemporary political organisations.
Table of Contents- Economic Globalisation and the Role of the State
- Social globalisation and new forms of democracy
« states. In fact, they see state power as having increased, not decreased. "The nation state is not threatened by globalization. The ...» Document abstract
$1.95
2 word format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
21/05/2008
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
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SummaryGlobalization has affected the political world system. Power relations amongst states have been altered due to a number of social, economic and political developments. “Contemporary globalization is associated with a transformation of state power as the roles and functions of states are re-articulated, reconstituted and re-embedded at the intersection of globalizing and regionalizing networks and systems.” (Held & McGrew, 3) Held elaborates on this ‘intersection’ during a debate with Barry Buzan. “(Due to globalization) Political power, in other words, is being re-positioned, re-contextualized and, to a degree, transformed by the growing importance of other (less territorially based) power systems.”(McGrew, Held & Buzan, 1996)
Table of Contents- Different strands of political thought conceptualize these changes in different ways.
- Theory has been helpful as tool to understand globalization and the alteration of power relations.
- One result of globalization is the emergence of so-called ‘global issues?.
- Globalization has affected states in a multitude of ways.
« The new information technologies, moreover their globalization has opened the door to Nowadays we can say that the Nation state is challenged: the spread of ...» Document abstract
$6.95
7 word format
Language : english
journalism
presentation
date published
25/01/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 31 times
Summary How is individual identity constructed in the environment of global information and media flows? How valid is Marshall Mac Luhan’s global village concept in this environment?
Nowadays, each of us is aware from the pattern of our everyday lives that there have been lots of changes linked with the development of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and globalization. Scholars have increasingly begun to talk about Information society and about the fact that people are entering a new age of information, a new mode of information. Almost all agree to point out that quantitative changes in information are bringing into being a qualitative new sort of social system. In such a context globalization seems to make reference to a space where the global and the local interact using ICT as a tool. More than an increasingly internationalisation of affairs ( meaning more links between autonomous states) that process is also a growing interdependence and interpenetration of human relations and an integration of world’s social and economic life. Then, it consists of changes which strongly affect both the local and national spaces. All those changes lead people to face a new digital environment, which reaches beyond the roots and the referents used by individuals to construct their identity, which is not stable. Then what are the role of the media flows and global information in that search? Firstly, Mac Luhan theory of global village seems to be a good starting point to see how media flows and the spread of global information can change the construction of identity and make people more eager to develop a global identity. Nevertheless, such changes are the cause of different fears and withdrawals to defence some people’s identity and this concept is asking some questions. Indeed, people have finally to construct their identities in combining the global and local necessities.
Nowadays, each of us is aware from the pattern of our everyday lives that there have been lots of changes linked with the development of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and globalization. Scholars have increasingly begun to talk about Information society and about the fact that people are entering a new age of information, a new mode of information. Almost all agree to point out that quantitative changes in information are bringing into being a qualitative new sort of social system. In such a context globalization seems to make reference to a space where the global and the local interact using ICT as a tool. More than an increasingly internationalisation of affairs ( meaning more links between autonomous states) that process is also a growing interdependence and interpenetration of human relations and an integration of world’s social and economic life. Then, it consists of changes which strongly affect both the local and national spaces. All those changes lead people to face a new digital environment, which reaches beyond the roots and the referents used by individuals to construct their identity, which is not stable. Then what are the role of the media flows and global information in that search? Firstly, Mac Luhan theory of global village seems to be a good starting point to see how media flows and the spread of global information can change the construction of identity and make people more eager to develop a global identity. Nevertheless, such changes are the cause of different fears and withdrawals to defence some people’s identity and this concept is asking some questions. Indeed, people have finally to construct their identities in combining the global and local necessities.
Table of Contents- Media and information flows provided by ICTs entail a new way to construct a global identity
- With the globalization, the generalization of communication networks and the spread of information, people seem to face a huge digital environment which offers them a space for competing ideas and images and for constructing their identity
- Marshall Mc Luhan's ´global village´
- End of ´given identity´, fears and withdrawals: individuals have to cope with confusion
- Thanks to the global information and the media flows, 'identity as a task' take the place of ´identity as a gift´
- The complexity to build identity for individuals among that new digital interconnected environment has generated some fears
- Nostalgia for the local
- Individuals construct their identity in constant interaction with global media but always locally
« I will now focus on the onshore state, nation and democracy. Although in the contemporary world of globalization, international organizations and institutions ...» Document abstract
$4.95
5 word format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
01/07/2008
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
requested 0 times
SummaryAlthough in the contemporary world of globalization, international organizations and institutions blur boundaries between nations and the existence of state sovereignty is frequently questioned, these concepts can still be regarded as points of departure in international politics. Moreover, in spite of the fact that state, sovereignty and nation are fictional concepts, which were designed to draw up a comprehensible picture of the international arena, they can still be considered the most basic and key notions in international relations theory. However, even though they have not been eroded, they have been loosing their original significance and stability and are being redefined by the overwhelming presence of capitalism. The presence of the offshore phenomenon is constantly reaffirming the force of capital with no regard to boundaries. In this essay the relationships between sovereignty, the nation and the offshore world will be explored and analyzed through looking at how offshore finance forms (erodes, redefines or strengthens) the notion of sovereignty and how it affects or transforms the nation as such.
Table of Contents- To understand the problematic of the offshore world it is necessary to define what we mean by offshore.
- state sovereignty is one of the basic concepts in international relations.
- Sovereignty is also being commodified through offshore.
- I will now focus on the onshore state, nation and democracy.
- The notion of sovereignty is being fundamentally changed as a result of the contact with the offshore world.
« legitimacy and are now ready to face the challenge of globalization as major as the only institution able to defend the Chinese Nation-State, some liberal ...» Document abstract
$9.95
13 word format
Language : english
political science
worksheets
date published
21/03/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 6 times
SummaryFrom many perspectives, North-East Asia seems to be the area of paradoxes. The astonishing economic development of the region in the second part of the twentieth century, despite a troubled geopolitical context, is a great example of the peculiar ability of these countries to invent their own way and specific model, apart from Occidental preconceptions. Really few experts predicted the incredible economic growth of communist States, such as China or Vietnam, during this period. On the contrary, many expected these systems not to survive the fall of the Soviet Union, economically as well as politically. Paradoxically enough, post-communist North-East Asian States seem to have strengthen their legitimacy and are now ready to face the challenge of globalization as major actors of this new trend. By many aspects, even the North Korean regime belongs to this category, since it succeeded in perpetuating its peculiar Stalinist-dynastic political system. Even if experts have kept on announcing its collapse since more than twenty years, Pyongyang’s regime can be considered as a “success”, based on the only criteria of length and stability. This situation clearly highlights the specificity of North-East Asia : apart from the case of Cuba, there is no other place in the world where communism is still alive. However, some may argue that China is no more a real communist State after Deng’s reforming period. Even if the economic Chinese system does not seem to be driven by Marxist-Leninist principles anymore, the practice of political power and the framework of the Chinese society remain deeply influenced by the communist motto. As a result, although this particular topic would need to be discussed in depth, we chose not to focus this essay on this controversial point and will therefore consider China as a “post-communist” State throughout our presentation.
Table of Contents- Nationalism within the North Korean system
- Historical and geographical background of North Korean nationalism
- Nationalism as a source of political legitimacy: confusion between the Nation, the History and the Party
- Nationalism as an official ideology: the ideas of Juche
- The revival of Nationalism in contemporaneous China
- Old and new nationalism in modern China: from the May Fourth Movement to the celebration of Confucius
- The New Left movement as a response to the rise of individualism in a threatening new environment
- Emergence of a real 'Confucian-Nationalism' or simple ideological disguise?
« it have to initiate to face this globalization, to promote educated and very qualified workers (first nation in the effort and the position of this State as a ...» Document abstract
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7 word format
Language : english
management
presentation
date published
17/01/2005
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 34 times
Summary Israel as a formal State is a new country, but its influence as an economically dynamic partner worldwide is undeniable despite the poorness of its natural resources and the war.
At the start, its population was 806 000 in 1948 but it has been estimated in 2003 to be more than 6.5 million people, composed by 81% of Jews, 16.7% of Arabic Muslims, 1.1% Arabic Christians and 1.2% of Druses. Actually, since its creation, a lot of immigrants came to live in Israel and especially in the 90's with a large number of Russians Jews (more than 1 million). Its population is therefore very multicultural.
The economy of Israel has changed incredibly in the past 20 years: even though the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been a major issue, Israel managed to become a rich, advanced and technological country, as it was before simply an emerging country in terms of economical development. This change has been possible because the State has a very high qualified population and has concentrated its attention on developing new technologies.
But Israel remains a mix between tradition and modernity and this specificity tends to reflect on the management. The issues are numerous and complex: how does Israel deal with internationalization and globalization? What is the traditional management and what kind of changes does it have to initiate to face this globalization, to promote exports and play a major role on the international scene?
We will first expose below how tradition does influence the Israeli business and then the changes that have been initiated at several degrees for the Israeli business to stay competitive and efficient.
...
At the start, its population was 806 000 in 1948 but it has been estimated in 2003 to be more than 6.5 million people, composed by 81% of Jews, 16.7% of Arabic Muslims, 1.1% Arabic Christians and 1.2% of Druses. Actually, since its creation, a lot of immigrants came to live in Israel and especially in the 90's with a large number of Russians Jews (more than 1 million). Its population is therefore very multicultural.
The economy of Israel has changed incredibly in the past 20 years: even though the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been a major issue, Israel managed to become a rich, advanced and technological country, as it was before simply an emerging country in terms of economical development. This change has been possible because the State has a very high qualified population and has concentrated its attention on developing new technologies.
But Israel remains a mix between tradition and modernity and this specificity tends to reflect on the management. The issues are numerous and complex: how does Israel deal with internationalization and globalization? What is the traditional management and what kind of changes does it have to initiate to face this globalization, to promote exports and play a major role on the international scene?
We will first expose below how tradition does influence the Israeli business and then the changes that have been initiated at several degrees for the Israeli business to stay competitive and efficient.
...
Table of Contents- The influence of tradition on management.
- The competitive advantage of Israel.
- The kibbutz: an old form of economical organization and another vision of property.
- The Israeli managerial exception.
- Changes and influence of the United States.
- New programs to improve management.
- Loss of tradition due to globalization and implementation of ethic codes in business.
- Influence of Israeli military management on multinational groups : example of Nestlé and Unilever.
« modern nation-states began to constitute in Europe. Today, some scholars argue that state sovereignty has been challenged by trends such as globalization and ...» Document abstract
$2.95
3 word format
Language : english
european union
worksheets
date published
24/03/2006
review : not yet assessed
level : Expert
requested 26 times
SummaryDossier en anglais qui évalue l'assertion d'un auteur présentant l'Union européenne comme la fin des souverainetés nationales de ses états membres.
Le dossier présente et évalue les opinions d'auteurs opposés à cette affirmation, en mettant en évidence les éléments qui étaient la thèse d'une nouvelle forme de souveraineté, plutôt que d'une fin stricto sensu de la souveraineté.
Le dossier présente et évalue les opinions d'auteurs opposés à cette affirmation, en mettant en évidence les éléments qui étaient la thèse d'une nouvelle forme de souveraineté, plutôt que d'une fin stricto sensu de la souveraineté.
Table of Contents Les internautes ont également acheté « and Crotty (2004: 248) suggest that even if the globalization process tends to Buckingham, J.; Sullivan, l.; Hughes, H. (2001) State of the nation 2001: a ...» Document abstract
$5.95
6 word format
Language : english
sociology
presentation
date published
14/12/2006
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 2 times
SummaryIf Horne described Australian society by its “climate so professedly egalitarian” and its “Fair go, mate”, McGregor points out that “it is impossible to live in Australia without coming to realize that the different social classes […] experience crucial differences in privilege and inequality, indeed live different lives.” Since the middle of the nineteenth century and the gold rushes, the principle of equality has become fundamental in Australia as far as each person (even prisoners) used to be equal by the gold he found. It is common place to hear that Australia is an egalitarian and classless society where everyone is born with the same and equal chances to access power, income and wealth. This is paradoxical in the sense that when analyzing the current opinion polls, it is obvious that Australians are conscious of class and they even identify themselves as belonging to a particular social class (McGregor, 2001). Australia as an ‘egalitarian society’ is more an “illusion” (Kuhn, 2005) than reality in today’s capitalist and globalised world where inequalities are increasing. In this essay my purpose will be to explore and explain this paradox about Australian society.
Table of Contents- First, it seems relevant to identify what constitute the inequalities in contemporary Australia
- After identifying that Australia is not an egalitarian society, it will be interesting to discuss why the inequalities persist and are even amplified
« a state participates in ranging from globalization where economies to and autarky where a state strives for ranging from being and eco-friendly nation to one ...» Document abstract
$8.95
9 word format
Language : english
other law subjects
presentation
date published
27/09/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Expert
requested 3 times
SummaryThe traditional left-right political spectrum we use to place politicians platforms is outdated. We carried this spectrum over from the French, and any citizen would be hard pressed to be able to even accurately define what the spectrum is measuring. We all know that on the right side sit the Republicans and those with conservative thoughts, and the farther right you go the more conservative you feel. We also all know that on the left sit the liberals, who tend to fight for liberty and equality for all. The farther left you go the more you feel strongly about these liberal values. But what exactly are these liberal and conservative values? What does it really say to me when someone describes, say John Kerry as a democrat who falls the left of the political spectrum? It is because of this and other arguments I will mention that I wrote my paper about alternatives to the conventional left-right political spectrum.
Table of Contents- Abstract
- Conventional Left-Right Spectrum
- Simple Alternatives to the Left-Right Spectrum
- More Complicated Alternatives to the Left-Right Spectrum
- Three Dimensional Plotting of Measurements along Spectrum
- Relating Modern Day Politics in a Multi-Dimensional Axis
- Conclusion
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