L'orientation de la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis au Moyen-Orient après le 11 Septembre - une perspective néo-réaliste

Exposé Politique & international Relations internationales

Date de publication :

29/01/2009

Langue :

Anglais

Format :

.doc

Nombre de pages :

4 pages

Niveau :

avancé

Consulté :

3 fois

Avis client :

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Validé par :

le comité Oboulo.com

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Sommaire :

Sommaire

Definition of Neorealism
The relative distribution of capabilities
The international structure defined by the anarchic condition
Limits of Neorealism theory
The effect of September 11 on the United States foreign policy orientation in the Middle East
The actor level, the interaction level in an anarchic system and the structural level with the dilemma about unipolarity

Résumé :

September 11, 2001 has brought changes to the rules of the international system established at the end of the Cold War. The collapse of the Soviet Union has let the United States alone at the top of the international area, able to dominate the place as the only superpower in possession of superior capabilities and able to impose its particular interests among political, military, and economic issues. It seems that finally one voice was strong enough to answer to Washington and the new thing is that this voice does not emerge from a concrete actor, as the USSR used to be. The terrorist groups are this new voice and that create a set of new rules as they cannot be precisely identify as a concrete state-enemy. It is informal groups which cannot be localised and without direct interlocutor to negotiate. Facing these new asymmetrical difficulty Bush's administration has decided to enter in conflict against the states where these terrorist groups were supposed to be located with a focus in the Middle East, and went back to an offensive interventionist foreign policy, the War on Terror.

As we know US interest in Middle East does not begin after September 11. Middle East countries are since decades a US interest for their energetic resources and geopolitics situations. During the Cold War US had a geopolitical need to keep this region under its authority to keep a way of pressure in USSR. Almost twenty years after the end of the bipolar world, US interests in Middle East are now centred around the fight against terrorism in the "Axis of evil" to do not lose influence.
Neorealism is a theory which observes a particular interest on systemic chokes. 11 September can be characterised as one as soon as we considered that it has brought changes in US foreign policy.
Considering all these statements we will, departing from Neorealism, explore the effect of September 11 on the United States foreign policy orientation in the Middle East. How Neorealism can explain the come back to an interventionism American foreign policy in Middle East?