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Language : english

literature

book review

date published

13/07/2008

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In Ernest Hemingway’s book, The Sun Also Rises, both the title and epigraph create commentary on the attitude of the characters. By using both a Gertrude Stein quote and a passage from the book of Ecclesiastes, Hemingway shows how his generation was viewing life and, in contrast, how his generation should view life. Without considering the title and epigraph, it becomes easy for the reader to see the entire work as a story filled with hopelessness. However, by understanding the correct context suggested by the title, the reader can then identify with Hemingway’s presentation of hope in using proper standards in judging life. More importantly, Robert Cohn is used as a direct parallel to the author of Ecclesiastes to reveal unsound standards used to find happiness.

In the history of the theatre, tragedies have always existed as a window to human nature. They depict man at his best, ready to sacrifice everything, even his life for the cause. The different types of tragedy include Sophocles's Greek tragedy, Shakespearean romantic tragedy, and modern tragedy. Each tragedy has its own specific guidelines. In some cases, an article or essay is written to list these guidelines. For example, Aristotle wrote The Poetics, an article that outlines Aristotelian Literary Theory, and the specific guidelines for a Greek tragedy. Another such case is Tragedy and the Modern Man, by Arthur Miller. In the essay, Miller lists the qualities and requirements for a play to be modern tragedy. One such is a play, written by Miller and based on the Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible by name.

I take the question which is the title of this paper in two ways. First, I take it to mean, “what racial, historical, cultural, geographical and political factors gave rise to what is commonly considered the first flowering of philosophical thought;” Second, to mean, “for what purpose did this flowering occur, in that time, among those people?” I presuppose at least two main things by asking these questions. I presuppose the nature of philosophy to be that which the Greeks originated, and, in order to answer the second question, I presuppose my own Christianity and its general analysis of history. What follows is an attempt to answer the first question by isolating the peculiar feature of the Greeks that set them apart from other potentially fruitful cultures, and an attempt to show that the only possible origin of this feature points inevitably to the teleological or eschatological reason for the birth of philosophy.

Throughout the history of art, different movements arise as a result of the social, political, economic, and emotional state of mind that both people and nations are experiencing at a given time. Modern art and postmodern art are no two exceptions to these circumstances and have come to be for both similar and different reasons. As with most art movements postmodern art sprung from modern art as a way for artists to express their belief that perhaps there is an alternative understanding of beliefs that seeks to revise the premises of Modernism.

Throughout periods of literature, Modernism has revolted against former social standards and subject matter that is both prohibited and restricted in conversation and literature alike. The early 1900s were a time when writers were determining for themselves what they deemed to be important and writers began focusing on the individual rather than the conformity of society. For the first time people began to have their own hopes and dreams that were unique to the individual and America found it compelling. The early 1900s were a time when authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald began to expose misconceptions that people had about the purpose of their lives. Two novels by Fitzgerald that demonstrate the essence of modernism are “The Great Gatsby” and “This Side of Paradise.” The Great Gatsby” takes the American Dream and twists love, crime, and passion into one man’s attempt in reaching his dream.

In Antonio Tabucchi’s La Testa Perduta di Damasceno Monteiro, the reader is pulled into a detective murder-mystery dealing with decapitation, murder suspects named il Grillo Verde, and tripe. Of particular interest, however, is the character of Don Fernando, a lawyer whose mind flies from topic to topic such that he seems to know everything about anything but who nonetheless is weighed down by his obesity. In this paper I plan to argue that Don Fernando’s metaphysical presuppositions about the rationality of the world around him grant him the means by which to control that same world. It follows that I will first need to describe in what exactly Don Fernando’s worldview might be said to consist. More specifically, I will show that he considers the world to be rational insofar as the human experience therein is calculable or predictable. Interestingly enough, his understanding of rationality proves itself to be peculiar on two points: First, while manifestations of rationality in the world are typically viewed positively by the philosophers who posit them, Don Fernando judges the world negatively, concluding that it operates according to an insopportabile logica ; and second, the kinds of human phenomena he takes to be predictable—and thus rational—are those which are depicted in philosophical thought as contributing to the irrationality of the world.

Don Fernando can be interpreted as committing himself to a claim.
Don Fernando - then, l'opinione pubblica can be manipulated in a predictable way.
The insopportabile human behaviour that Don Fernando considers.
Whether or not the world is, in fact, 'rational' or 'irrational,'.
I contend that Don Fernando senses his own existence as a small part of a much larger world.
Conclusion.

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4 word format

Language : english

humanities/philosophy

book review

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10/07/2008

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In his Elements of the Philosophy of Right, Hegel gives an account of the modern social world as consisting of three institutions: the family, civil society, and the state. Focusing on modern civil society, I plan to discuss one of several ways in which human need is affected by this institution-- specifically, how human need undergoes a process of infinite multiplication and particularization through the understanding of each individual. I then will go on to discuss what I believe to be the main advantages and disadvantages of the infinite multiplication and particularization in modern civil society.

The first principle, according to Hegel.
All individuals in modern civil society are interdependent.
The individual continues to consciously acknowledge himself as being alone.
Hegel argues even further on multiplication and particularization of needs.
The multiplication and particularization of needs.
Hegel realizes disadvantages of multiplication and particularization of needs.
Another possible disadvantage of the multiplication and particularization of human needs.
Hegel does offer some possible solutions.

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Language : english

humanities/philosophy

book review

date published

10/07/2008

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level : General public

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Both Lady Anne Conway and Baruch Spinoza argue that the individual things in the world, everything from the mosquito to the chair to the supermodel, contain the substance of God. And by sharing in the substance of God, the chair, the supermodel, and the mosquito are all alike. At the same time, however, the mosquito is neither the chair nor the supermodel but a thing distinct from both of them. But is the mosquito inferior to the supermodel because she is (supposedly) a human with the capacity to reason or is the mosquito just different? Conway and Spinoza both have a different response to this question. I plan to discuss the similarity and the disparity between the philosophies of Conway and Spinoza concerning individual things in the world and the relation of these individual things to one another and to God. I then will discuss why Spinoza’s view of individual things is more convincing in today’s society.

My roommate has asserted that every time she breathes pepper, she sneezes. Her past experience of breathing pepper and sneezing has always reflected her future experience of breathing pepper and sneezing. She claims that if she amasses a sufficient number of similar cases where the future has always resembled the past, she has rational support for saying that the future does, in fact, resemble the past. Using Hume’s Enquiry, I plan to argue from his point of view against my roommate’s claim. I will first discuss the difference between relations of ideas and matters of fact, then arguing how her assertion of the cause and effect relationship between pepper and sneezing is matter of fact reasoning, something which the human mind is never justified in performing. I will conclude by discussing how habit and emotion lead me to ultimately not blame her and the rest of humankind for wanting to draw a connection between cause and effect, between the future and the past, between the pepper and sneezing.

Do you ever look at something for so long it doesn’t make sense anymore? Have you ever been stuck in a moment that was your entire life? Cheated death, but regretted it afterwards? Looked at the man standing next to you and thought, “Who will die first, you or me?” This is every single living moment of a soldier. What he thinks of when he throws that grenade, loads that gun, and looks up at a bayonet, only he knows. But to those on the outside, we wonder if there’s still a human being in the empty shell of a man whose body has lived and endured too much. Soldiers are irrevocably changed after war. Most are crippled, mentally instable, or socially disabled. In Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, a man’s memoir based on the author’s own account of World War I, the men go to the edge of reason and back. They literally become their own worst fears as they often kill without hesitance. Yet, they retain a tenderness that is only present in those who have known compassion. Everyone, even soldiers who have killed, have humanity.

When people make mistakes, why do they say, 'I'm only human'?
Living through war is like hunger.
There is a paradox between the words 'powerless' and 'kill'.
Soldiers suppress their humanity.
The psychological state of a soldier.
Soldiers commit many seemingly immoral acts.
One of the most overlooked ideas of humanity.

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