La piraterie maritime moderne : enjeux et perspectives d'un crime organisé et transnational

Exposé Politique & international Relations internationales

Date de publication :

25/05/2009

Langue :

Anglais

Format :

.pdf

Nombre de pages :

14 pages

Niveau :

grand public

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1 fois

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Sommaire :

Sommaire

Organized Crime and Sea Piracy
Trends and Factors in Piracy
International Cooperation on Sea Piracy

Résumé :

Piracy is not a new phenomenon. Quite the reverse, it is as old as sea navigation and especially maritime trade. As early as in the Antiquity, the Roman Empire organized military campaigns to destroy pirates' ships that were starving the Empire despite the fact that piracy was considered an honorable profession. When the Roman Empire collapsed, and with it the pax maritima, piracy rose again and even found a niche with privateering as they could receive lettres de marque to act upon a government's orders and attack its enemies ships. Privateering was very common particularly in the Conquest era and Golden Age (17th and 18th Centuries) when maritime trade dramatically increased. In 1856, the Paris Declaration on maritime Rights made it unlawful for States to hire privaters, leaving hundreds of pirates without an affiliation. Piracy thus continued until the present day. Nevertheless, the issue of piracy has appeared in the last decades as a new and increasing phenomenon to many audience, including scholars [Murphy 2008]. The threat of piracy especially alerted the international community after the tragedies of the so-called "boat people" formed by refugees escaping Vietnam in the 1970s and 1980s and attacked by pirates [Wiencek, D, 2001]. In 1983, the International maritime Organization (the "IMO", a United Nations body) officially acknowledged the resurgence of piracy, leading scholars and world politicians to focus on "modern piracy" trends and how to deal with it. There is still a great controversy on the definition of modern piracy, mainly about the distinction with maritime terrorism. In this paper, as we want to focus on piracy as organized crime, we will apply organized crime most accepted definition to piracy: armed robbery at sea, motivated by profit and conducted by two or more private actors.