Pourquoi les programmes d'aide étrangers ont-ils réussi dans certains pays et échoué dans beaucoup d'autres ? Que devraient faire les gouvernements et les sociétés des pays donateurs pour que ces programmes fonctionnent ?

Exposé Économie & marchés Économie internationale

Date de publication :

14/05/2009

Langue :

Anglais

Format :

.doc

Nombre de pages :

5 pages

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avancé

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Sommaire :

Sommaire

The efficiency of foreign aid programs mostly depends on internal factors of recipient countries
Donor countries should try to make recipient countries help themselves
A radical change in the rules of the game

Résumé :

In very recent years, abundant literature has been released to determine whether or not foreign aid was useful and efficient in eradicating poverty and promoting economic growth in developing countries. Indeed, in the last few decades, the amount of foreign aid provided from developed countries to developing ones has been rocketing whereas this has not ment a significant decrease in the number of poor people. The analysis of this issue is even further complicated given the variety of results obtained with foreign aid: whereas there is no doubt that it has been successful in some cases - the success of the Marshall plan in the 1940's in helping the European countries to recover from the WWII, which has allowed a quick and complete claw-back within 10 years is a case in point - on the other hand there are plenty of examples of unsuccessful use of foreign aid where huge amount of foreign aid have proved useless in alleviating poverty and promoting the economic growth of a country. For instance, India, which has been one of the highest recipient of foreign aid since the end of the Second World War (it is estimated that India received 55billions US$ since 1951), has stuck to insignificant growth rate-around 1 or 2%- for decades and still counts 40% of its population living above the poverty line. What kind of factors may be accountable for such a diverse range of results? Shall we only focus on internal factors or do international factors play a role as important?