Roadblocks, Forces and Reform in Egyptian Politics
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political science
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published 11/12/2007
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SummaryThe 2005 elections deemed to be promising for Egypt. Hosni Mubarak had himself claimed to come “out of my full conviction of the need to consolidate efforts for more freedom and democracy.” The “reform” agenda had been initiated by the President himself, beginning with his stunning public announcement that he would ask the Majilis Al-Sha’ab to amend Article 76 of the constitution to allow for the first multi party presidential elections in Egypt’s history. The NDP having more than a twenty-five year strong hold in Egypt has created much skepticism and turmoil in the lives of ordinary Egyptians. Despite Mubarak’s promises, the overwhelming victory of the NDP aided by its violent suppression of oppositional elements, raises some important questions about the Egyptian political status. Numerous concerns of government interference through vote rigging and fraud during the elections was also raised. (Hala, 3) So the questions are numerous about Mubarak’s so called commitment to democracy. “Is it valid?” “Is there enough of an internal drive in Egypt to achieve real democracy?” “What are the hurdles to democracy in Egypt?” and “what can be done to remove these hurdles?”
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- Potential for change.
- Meanwhile... the forces.
- Islam.
- Class.
- The Judiciary.
- Regional context.
- The roadblocks.
- Violence.
- Voter fraud.
- Security forces.
- Solutions for reform.
- Legal reform.
- Reshaping the political elite.
- Empowering women.
- Labor unions.
- Pressure form the west.
- Conclusion.
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