Quel est le rôle international de la PAC (politique agricole commune) et en quoi cela affecte-t-il son avenir ?
Date de publication :
05/03/2009
Langue :
Anglais
Format :
.doc
Nombre de pages :
7 pages
Sommaire :
Sommaire
- Creation and objectives of the CAP
- Evolution and mechanisms affecting the global market
- Implications in a globalized world
- External pressures for reform
- Uruguay Round and the 1992 reform
- Doha Development Agenda and the 2003 CAP reform
Résumé :
Since the creation of the European Community and the single European market by the Treaties of Rome, the modalities of a common market of foodstuffs had been a central concern in European affairs. As Robert Ackrill points out: "the CAP is one of the most pervasive of all EU policies, one of the most infamous and perhaps one of the most misunderstood" (Ackrill, 2000, p. 16). First designed in order to avoid future food shortages that had been known during the Second World War and to protect an agricultural sector, vital for the well functioning of European States, the Common Agricultural Policy eventually came to surpass its initials objectives. Thus by the 1970s, Europe had transformed its status of net importer of foodstuffs to become a net exporter toward third countries (Hennis, 2008, p.331). Since then, market protectionism, production of surpluses and export of subsidized agricultural products started affecting the global food chain.
In a increasingly globalized world, effects of CAP's instruments that prevented market access by the use of import tariffs barriers and distorted global trade by the use of export subsidies, became unbearable for other countries. Whereas some might have benefited from the CAP's implications for global trade, many, and especially third world countries heavily depending on agriculture, have suffered from it (Borrel and Hubbard, 2000). This situation eventually led to an increased criticism from third countries that therefore came to use multilateral negotiations on trade liberalization among the GATT/WTO to influence reforms of the CAP. After having briefly introduced the creation and the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, this paper will describe the mechanisms that affect the global trade of agricultural products in order to understand its evolution. Thereafter, an assessment will be made of the external pressures that have affected the recent developments of the CAP in considering two particular examples: the MacSharry reform of 1992 and the 2003 Fischler reform.
In a increasingly globalized world, effects of CAP's instruments that prevented market access by the use of import tariffs barriers and distorted global trade by the use of export subsidies, became unbearable for other countries. Whereas some might have benefited from the CAP's implications for global trade, many, and especially third world countries heavily depending on agriculture, have suffered from it (Borrel and Hubbard, 2000). This situation eventually led to an increased criticism from third countries that therefore came to use multilateral negotiations on trade liberalization among the GATT/WTO to influence reforms of the CAP. After having briefly introduced the creation and the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, this paper will describe the mechanisms that affect the global trade of agricultural products in order to understand its evolution. Thereafter, an assessment will be made of the external pressures that have affected the recent developments of the CAP in considering two particular examples: the MacSharry reform of 1992 and the 2003 Fischler reform.
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