Second Language Acquisition

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document in english

educational studies

presentation

published 10/06/2008

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Summary

Second Language Acquisition (SLA) is learning development in which people acquire a new or more commonly known as “second language” in addition to their native tongue. The second language is often referred as “target language” or “L2”. Moreover, a second language denotes any new language learned after early childhood years. This means subsequently languages learned – i.e. third or fourth language is still referred to as second language (online, Wikipedia, 2006).Stephen Krashen (1981) differentiated "language acquisition" from formal and non-constructive “language learning". At present, most experts more commonly interchange the two terms, i.e. “language acquisition” and “language learning”. Nevertheless, most experts recognize SLA as the more well-known term (online, Wikipedia, 2006).
A number of personal and environmental factors may affect the decision to learn a second language. Examples of such factors include family influences, social groups or peers, teachers, school, age, and self-concept.
An individual may pursue a study on acquiring a second language skill for various reasons and motivation. In a study of UK and European students, Coleman (1996) reports that the several reasons a student pursues a study a foreign language. These reasons are the following: 1) to be able to develop a career advantage for opportunities in the future; 2) a student's personal inclination to learn the language; 3) to be able to learn and appreciate to cultural differences; 4) for an enhanced comprehension of the culture where the language is used; 5) and to be able to reside in nations where the language is used.

An individual may pursue a study on acquiring a second language skill for various reasons and motivation.
Following a learner's utilitarian purpose, the clear benefit of acquiring English as second language is to have a competitive edge in the labor market
Brown (1994) made a very useful definition of each term. A method is defined as 'a generalized set of classroom specifications for accomplishing linguistic objectives.
Affective principle would illustrate a person's self-esteem or self-image effects in overall progress and speed in second language acquisition.
Most educators who use this method argue that it is the most effective way to prepare students in building communicative competencies by starting with reading and grammar as key skills.
The community language learning encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning.
The Method of Teaching Grammar on the Basis of Second language Acquisition
Drawbacks in the Grammar Translation Method
Benefits of the Grammar Translation Method
Grammar translation method in the light of current second language acquisition