«Tuberculosis has borne an invasive and impressionable mark on public health history. Its presence has influenced the development of medical practice and public health responsibilities, and its impact is still very much felt to this day. Yet the...» Document abstract
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social sciences
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05/06/2008
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SummaryTuberculosis has borne an invasive and impressionable mark on public health history. Its presence has influenced the development of medical practice and public health responsibilities, and its impact is still very much felt to this day. Yet the existence of tuberculosis has not been immune to social and political mechanisms. Illness is as dependent on human experience as it is on impersonal pathology (Ott 1). Therefore, as medical understandings of tuberculosis shift, so do the cultural and political interpretations of its influence. However, these conceptions do not necessarily change in complementary directions or relationships, so that social and political perceptions of tuberculosis return to affect its pathogenicity and management. The historical transitions of tuberculosis, from its early influence in the United States to its evolution into multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, are mitigated by social and political response, all of which parallel shifts in public health ideologies from tuberculosis’s parochial perspective to its globalized interpretation realized today.
Table of Contents- Tuberculosis originally manifested itself as consumption, a disease that carried an interestingly positive diagnosis
- The concept of the sanatoria meshed well with the perception of consumption
- The medical discoveries that pioneered advances in tuberculosis treatment
- The advances in medical treatment, compounded with the evolution of social perceptions of tuberculosis
- Since the end of World War II, the panacea of tuberculosis antibiotics had strengthened the individual commitment
- The reality of tuberculosis disinterest
- Public health and tuberculosis control facing the effects of increasing globalization
- The role of politics in tuberculosis control has also undergone a significant change in the twentieth century
- The social marketing of tuberculosis
- As it stands today, two million die from tuberculosis each year
«Latin American states have and continue to experience a diverse spectrum of political regimes. These shifts in political organization resonate throughout all aspects of a country’s social and economic profile, with health status and care being no...» Document abstract
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Language : english
social sciences
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05/06/2008
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SummaryLatin American states have and continue to experience a diverse spectrum of political regimes. These shifts in political organization resonate throughout all aspects of a country’s social and economic profile, with health status and care being no exception. Health systems develop through the interplay between political processes (both historical and ongoing), socioeconomic atmosphere and cultural influences. Therefore, the prevailing political regime cannot sufficiently categorize a country’s subsequent healthcare system by default, as there are multidimensional variables involved. The reality of a healthcare regime is a product of the political nuances specific to each country.
Table of Contents- One of the strongest agents directing the progress and direction of a health system is the internal nature of a country's government
- Health regimes, produced by a particular political system, are also subject to the social variables of a state
- The external environment of a state's political regime is a crucial element in a health system's movement from theory to reality
- Beyond the intricacies of specific regimes, the process of reform in general exerts a significant impact on health provisioning
- In Latin America, the interests of the state are the most fundamental determinates of a particular health system's direction, dictating whether the regime will move forwards or backwards in areas of health improvement.
«Condoms offer effective protection against the most serious sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and they are also probably the most accessible form of contraception for adolescents and younger adults (Katherine Dexter 2004). In 2000, almost...» Document abstract
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SummaryCondoms offer effective protection against the most serious sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and they are also probably the most accessible form of contraception for adolescents and younger adults (Katherine Dexter 2004). In 2000, almost half of all new STI infections were among adolescents ages 15 to 24, with human papillomavirus and HIV leading the infection rates (Chesson 2004). Although STIs present a multitude of health risks and consequences, many adolescents, including those who use condoms, are unaware of the potential harm from STIs. A study among college students found that within those who did use condoms, they still showed little concern for the issues of STIs and HIV. Instead, they were concerned with their partner’s perceptions of condom use (Edgar 1992). This demonstrates how intricately involved interpersonal communication is in condom use, perhaps more important than the fear of STI risk. The study also suggests that those individuals who promoted condom use in the sexual activity had an internalized value for the precautionary measure of condom use.
Table of Contents- Communication about sexual issues between parents and children is undoubtedly a sensitive subject
- there is overwhelming evidence for the benefit of condoms in reducing STI risk
- Sexual education has gone through many generations of methods and values
- Targeting a more upper-middle class, conservative and family-oriented subgroup
«One of the few times Mary Wollstonecraft advocates an actual legal right for women in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is when she says that a man who seduces a woman must be “legally obliged to maintain the woman and her children … And this law...» Document abstract
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SummaryOne of the few times Mary Wollstonecraft advocates an actual legal right for women in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is when she says that a man who seduces a woman must be “legally obliged to maintain the woman and her children … And this law should remain in force as long as the weakness of women caused the word seduction to be used as an excuse for their frailty and want of principle” (71). This is an odd moment in the text, especially as it is unclear that there ever could be a time when the word seduction will cease to be used as an excuse. Above all, it highlights the conflict between expediency and the slow conversion of society which Wollstonecraft is trying to balance as she defines the proper state of independence for women as reasoned thought following first principles. In the case of ruined women or women who have lost their honour, Wollstonecraft feels such pity and compassion for their situation that she believes these women must be helped. But in other cases she seems strangely acceptant of society’s inertia.
Table of Contents- She finds society's opinions most responsible for tyrannizing over women
- This is not to say that Wollstonecraft only had the barest necessities in mind when thinking of the legal rights of women
- Power, according to Wollstonecraft, seeks blind obedience.
- A reasonable and ideal part of society already exists
- Some men chose to live by reason while others chose to live by power
Comparison and Contrast Between Two Different Theoretical Frameworks of Family: Dual Employed Parents and Multicultural Families
«Throughout the course of the twentieth century, the breadwinner/homemaker model of family structure has pervaded both cultural and sociological discourse. Interestingly, however research now demonstrates that this model is not as typical as what...» Document abstract
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04/06/2008
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SummaryThroughout the course of the twentieth century, the breadwinner/homemaker model of family structure has pervaded both cultural and sociological discourse. Interestingly, however research now demonstrates that this model is not as typical as what many laymen believe. This “realization” has spawned more investigation into other family structures and their overall impact on both society and child rearing. With the realization that there are a host of different family frameworks, it is possible to examine the different types of frameworks such that a more integral understanding of these frameworks can be garnered. Using this as a basis for research, this investigation considers a comparison/contrast of two different theoretical frameworks of family: dual employed parents and multicultural families. By examining what has been written about these two different theoretical family frameworks, it will be possible to provide a comprehensive analysis of these frameworks. Further, by examining these specific theoretical frameworks some insight into the challenges facing the modern family will be garnered.
Table of Contents- Introduction
- Dual Employed Parents
- Multicultural Families
- Comparison/Contrast of the Two Models
- Conclusions
«The American media has become quite adept at attracting the attention of consumers. Although many of the methods used to capture attention appear to be random to the laymen, in actuality, there are a host of theories that are used in an effort to...» Document abstract
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SummaryThe American media has become quite adept at attracting the attention of consumers. Although many of the methods used to capture attention appear to be random to the laymen, in actuality, there are a host of theories that are used in an effort to motivate and persuade the observer into taking action. These theories have bee well examined and developed by advertisers, sociologists and researchers attempting to understand what promulgates individual motivation and how this motivation can be shaped toward developing positive outcomes overall. Given that understanding human motivation is such an important issue for a wide range of disciplines, there is a clear impetus to examine the theories that have been proposed with respect to this process. Using this as a basis for investigation, this research considers an examination of the elaboration likelihood theory as developed by Petty and Cacioppo in 1979.
Table of Contents- Introduction.
- Description of Theory.
- Perspective.
- Evaluation.
- Practical Application.
- Conclusion
«The Westerner’s view of Chinese culture is one that is filled with images of the submissive woman. Chinese society is predicated on a purely patriarchal system in which the needs of men remain the principle concern and focus of Chinese society....» Document abstract
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SummaryThe Westerner’s view of Chinese culture is one that is filled with images of the submissive woman. Chinese society is predicated on a purely patriarchal system in which the needs of men remain the principle concern and focus of Chinese society. While it is indeed evident that this type of society has made it difficult for Chinese women to assert their authority and power, a close examination of women from this culture seems to suggest that Chinese women have been able to asset themselves in more subtle ways. While these methods of assertion are not widely viewed as threatening to the cultural status quo that has been developed in China, it is evident that women have been able to carve out a unique niche for themselves using the basic context of patriarchal society that is essential to Chinese culture. With the realization that women in Chinese culture have had to find more subtle methods for expressing themselves in such a highly patriarchal system, there is a clear impetus to examine how women have developed in the context of Chinese society.
Table of Contents- Introduction
- Women Chinese Culture and History'an Overview
- Empress Lu
- Empress Wu
- Empress Wei
- Empress Dowager Tz'u-hsi
- Women in Modern China
- Conclusion
«Dante writes Canto XIX as an indictment of church practices that remove its members from the spiritual sphere and give them too much political power. When corrupt people gain power in the Church, their corruption compromises the Church’s status and...» Document abstract
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school essay
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SummaryDante writes Canto XIX as an indictment of church practices that remove its members from the spiritual sphere and give them too much political power. When corrupt people gain power in the Church, their corruption compromises the Church’s status and negatively affects the entire political atmosphere of Europe. This is why simoniacs are punished in the 8th circle of hell – Below thieves, prostitutes, and even murderers.. Specifically, Dante singles out three popes who used simony to further their political ends - Nicholas III, Boniface VIII, and Clement V. Their corruption had negative affects on the Church, Tuscany, and even Dante himself – indirectly leading to his exile from Florence in 1302.
Table of Contents- Simony takes its name from a scene in the Acts of the Apostles involving the magician Simon Magus.
- Dante intends to showcase specific examples of corruption in the Church and remind the readers of the damage that it has wrought on both itself and on Tuscany.
- The second pope the Poet singles out for condemnation is Boniface VIII.
- The Poet paints Clement V as the worst of the corrupt simoniacs to come.
«The feminist movement in the United States began more than a century ago. Although it was not labeled as such until the late 1950s, a review of women’s history in the United States reveals that women have long fought for social, economic and...» Document abstract
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term papers
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SummaryThe feminist movement in the United States began more than a century ago. Although it was not labeled as such until the late 1950s, a review of women’s history in the United States reveals that women have long fought for social, economic and political parity. While the roots of the feminist movement in the United States are relatively easy to trace, the same cannot be said of the feminist movement in the Middle East. Even though women in the Middle East are now seeking gender parity, it is evident that this movement toward equality is inextricably bound with a host of religious and social issues that make it difficult for the researcher to delineate clear feminist changes. Thus, even though some scholars have defensively argued that feminism is indeed taking hold in the Middle East, the context in which feminism is defined is not the same as it is in Western discourse.
Table of Contents- Introduction.
- Feminism'An Overview.
- Feminism in the Middle East.
- Feminism in Iran.
- Feminism in Turkey.
- Synthesis of the Information.
- Conclusion.
«One issue that Australians will be confronted with in the future is the privacy of the individual, in lieu of the proposal of computerizing personal medical records. Due to the fact that medical records hold highly sensitive information about what...» Document abstract
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school essay
date published
02/06/2008
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SummaryOne issue that Australians will be confronted with in the future is the privacy of the individual, in lieu of the proposal of computerizing personal medical records. Due to the fact that medical records hold highly sensitive information about what are possibly an individual's most intimate details, the right to privacy is of principal importance in the medical records context (Davis, 2001). Demographic information such as age, sex, race, marital status, children, and occupation; financial information, such as employment status, income, and methods of payment; personal identifiers other than name, including social security number, addresses, and phone numbers are found in medical records. Moreover, information of the reasons why the patient needs treatment are also specified in these documents. This reason can perhaps range from being a victim of a violent crime, firearm injury, or the at-fault party in an auto accident. Additional information can be those which certify that an individual has a communicable or other disease, or a particular genetic propensity (Hodge, 2000).
Table of Contents- Privacy of the Individual.
- Health and Safety.
- Data Security.
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