«The European Union is comprised of various institutions which ensure that each citizen of the EU is fairly represented, and that all member states have their ...» Document abstract
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european union
research papers
date published
23/10/2007
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SummaryThe European Union, which formed under this name in 1992, currently consists of 25 nations and covers much of Western Europe. The European Union is an enormous organization that was initially created to maintain peace and security between European states through various political and economic arrangements. Each E.U. member state is a democratic, independent nation, and it is represented in a complicated European system that integrates these independent states into what has become the world’s largest economic organization. Originally, the intention of this union was to prevent hostilities between European nations, mainly France and Germany, before they arise.
Table of Contents- The European Union is comprised of various institutions which ensure that each citizen of the E.U. is fairly represented, and that all member states have their voice heard.
- The idea of union between European nations was initiated a few years after the end of World War II.
- During the 20th century, two great wars have broken out with France and Germany as the main instigators.
- This economic system became extremely useful in terms of dealing with the world outside of Europe.
- In 1952, the Schuman Plan was an important step toward European integration.
- The Council of the European Union
- The European Commission
- Although the Commission is not responsible for setting the budget for the European Union, its members are responsible for managing, implementing, and overseeing it.
« et souverainete nationale "Despite the rhetoric of politicians, it cannot be credibly argued that any member state of the European Union remains politically or ...» Document abstract
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Language : english
european union
worksheets
date published
24/03/2006
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SummaryDossier en anglais qui évalue l'assertion d'un auteur présentant l'Union européenne comme la fin des souverainetés nationales de ses états membres.
Le dossier présente et évalue les opinions d'auteurs opposés à cette affirmation, en mettant en évidence les éléments qui étaient la thèse d'une nouvelle forme de souveraineté, plutôt que d'une fin stricto sensu de la souveraineté.
Le dossier présente et évalue les opinions d'auteurs opposés à cette affirmation, en mettant en évidence les éléments qui étaient la thèse d'une nouvelle forme de souveraineté, plutôt que d'une fin stricto sensu de la souveraineté.
Table of Contents Les internautes ont également acheté Critically examine the factors that ultimately led to the enlargement of the EU in 2004. What are the stages and debates?
« Therefore, the will of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic and Slovenia to be part of the European Union was legitimate. ...» Document abstract
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Language : english
european union
presentation
date published
25/07/2006
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level : General public
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SummaryAccording to the article 43 of the European Community treaty, 'any European State may apply to become a member of the Union[...]the conditions of admission and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the Union is founded which such admission entails shall be the subject of an agreement between the member states and the applicant states'. Geographically, Europe can be defined as 'the western peninsula of the Eurasian landmass, stretching from Iceland in the west to the Urals in the east, and from Pitzbergen or Novya Zemlaya in the north to Gibraltar in the south' . Therefore, the will of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic and Slovenia to be part of the European Union was legitimate. If the old continent demonstrates some unity, the gap between the west and the east shows that diversity remains the main feature of Europe. On the 5th of March 1946, Churchill, in a speech pronounced in Fulton, talked for the first time about the iron curtain that fell on Europe. This metaphor was meant to describe the bipolarisation of the world, with the opposition of the communist bloc and the capitalist bloc. At the end of the Cold War and
the fall of communism, the metaphor should have become obsolete. Yet the inequalities and the antagonisms between Western and Central and Eastern Europe are still in 1991 very strong and the separation between the capitalist European states and the former communist states remains clear. Nevertheless, 13 years later, countries which had been under Moscow's sphere of influence become part of the European Union.
What are the factors that led to the 2004 EU enlargement? As all waves of integration, the process is not simple and never certain. Which were the main stages and the debate in this enlargement? How
and why has the EU enlargement 'progressed from a utopian vision to a practical, and vastly ambitious, project' ?
Table of Contents- At the end of the Cold War, the Eastern European countries were finally autonomous
- Concerning the economy, Central and Eastern European countries were deeply affected by the past
- Despite the closeness between the EU and the former communist countries, the idea of the enlargement was uncertain
- In 1993, as a consequence of internal and external pressures the enlargement was definitely part of the EU's agenda
« The European Union and organised crime With French and Dutch voters' recent rejection of the proposed constitutional treaty for the European Union, a number of ...» Document abstract
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Language : english
international relations
worksheets
date published
24/03/2006
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SummaryDissertation en anglais. La construction européenne peut être envisagée à la fois comme une chance et une menace pour le crime organisé: ouverture des frontières, mais aussi possibilités de coopération entre les Etats membres. Cependant, des obstacles institutionnels et juridiques demeurent, qui empêchent une lutte plus efficace contre le crime organisé.
Table of Contents- A strategy based on co-operation
- What has been achieved so far?
- Legitimacy and identity
Les internautes ont également acheté « The consequences of european union membership on swedish welfare state and economy. The Swedish leaders decided to apply for membership of the European Union. ...» Document abstract
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8 word format
Language : english
political science
presentation
date published
14/03/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 5 times
SummarySweden officially joined the European Union on January 1st, 1995. Since that time Sweden is part of the European Union, but it is said to be one of the most Euro-sceptical members of the Union. What are the causes for this strong Swedish Euro-scepticism? It is linked to the special social structure of Sweden, characterized by the well-known universal welfare state, and the Social-Democrat dominated state, linked to the importance of the trade unions in Sweden, as Sweden has approximately 80 percent of Unions’ members.
So we can wonder what the consequences of Sweden’s entrance in the European Union on the Swedish model were, and focus mainly on its economic aftermath. To what extent can the roots of the Swedish Euro-scepticism be found in the Swedish model? What were the different points of view over the European question in Sweden? Are the doubts over Europe linked to the economic and social results of the European Union membership?
So we can wonder what the consequences of Sweden’s entrance in the European Union on the Swedish model were, and focus mainly on its economic aftermath. To what extent can the roots of the Swedish Euro-scepticism be found in the Swedish model? What were the different points of view over the European question in Sweden? Are the doubts over Europe linked to the economic and social results of the European Union membership?
Table of Contents- Basic tenants of the swedish model
- The swedish debate over the european question
- The consequences of european union membership on swedish welfare state and economy
«Integration of the European Union: the institutional challenge . 25 countries: no more old certainties about the future of the European Union . ...» Document abstract
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6 word format
Language : english
European law
worksheets
date published
15/01/2006
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level : Advanced
requested 16 times
SummaryThe Europe of 25 is a factor of chances but also of risks. The enlarged European Union will not be the same at a bigger scale. The sphere of action of the European institutions is changing and it has to be adapted to a brand new structure. The socio-economic disparities between the Europe of 15 and the 10 new members require a new repartition of the European budget and new economic instruments of redistribution.
Table of Contents- Integration of the European Union: the institutional challenge
- 25 countries: no more old certainties about the future of the European Union
« integration. Historical review of Britain an de European Union, from 1950 to these days. Britain, EEUU and the European Community. ...» Document abstract
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4 word format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
27/03/2007
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level : Expert
requested 17 times
Summary“We have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked, but not combined. We are interested and associated, but not absorbed.”
Winston Churchill’s famous quote aptly describes Britain’s approach to European integration since the inception of the EU in the 1950’s. Churchill emphasised that although he was ‘not opposed to a European Federation’, he ‘never thought that Britain or the British Commonwealth should become an integral part.’ Churchill’s attitude towards the EU has been imitated by many of the Prime Ministers that followed him. Britain’s relationship towards European integration has generally been one of a reluctant union, supporting free trade and mutually beneficial cooperation, while attempting to distance itself from economic and cultural ‘unity’ with Europe. In the same way, Keynes wrote in 1919: “England still stands outside Europe. Europe’s voiceless tremors do not reach her. Europe is apart and England is not of her Flesh and blood.” This statement also highlights the fact that by the end of the First World War Britain was considered to be “in Europe but not of Europe”.
Winston Churchill’s famous quote aptly describes Britain’s approach to European integration since the inception of the EU in the 1950’s. Churchill emphasised that although he was ‘not opposed to a European Federation’, he ‘never thought that Britain or the British Commonwealth should become an integral part.’ Churchill’s attitude towards the EU has been imitated by many of the Prime Ministers that followed him. Britain’s relationship towards European integration has generally been one of a reluctant union, supporting free trade and mutually beneficial cooperation, while attempting to distance itself from economic and cultural ‘unity’ with Europe. In the same way, Keynes wrote in 1919: “England still stands outside Europe. Europe’s voiceless tremors do not reach her. Europe is apart and England is not of her Flesh and blood.” This statement also highlights the fact that by the end of the First World War Britain was considered to be “in Europe but not of Europe”.
Table of Contents- UK and the European Community: the problem of the integration
- Historical review of Britain an de European Union, from 1950 to these days
- Britain, E.E.U.U. and the European Community
What are the challenges facing the EU in its attempts to establish democratic institutional structures ?
« rights: the Treaty of Maastricht included for the first time the respect of fundamental rights in Article 6 of the Treaty on the European Union; and the Treaty ...» Document abstract
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7 word format
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European law
presentation
date published
31/08/2006
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level : Expert
requested 32 times
Summary“It is time to recognise that the Union has moved from a diplomatic to a democratic process, with policies that reach deep into national societies and daily life” . This statement by the European Commission subsumes ten years of political and academic on-going debate on the “democratic deficit” of the EU. The main trigger of this issue was the launch of political integration by Treaty of Maastricht. As a result, the democratisation of the Union has been at the centre of all Treaty changes in the nineteen ninentees, which accounted for the urgent need felt by both political leaders and EU bureaucrats for enhancing the legitimacy of the EU. The failure of the Constitution’s ratification process shows how crucial it remains to identify the challenges facing the EU in its attempts to establish democratic institutional structures, if the former are to be addressed. This paper will argue that these challenges are related to the undertaken shift from an elitist structure based on Nation-States to a multi-level polity including all citizens. Since these two ideas are ideal-types situated at both ends of a spectrum, the position the EU holds or should hold varies along normative lines. Institutional structures will be understood here in the (broad) constructivist sense, ie as all institutionalised processes that characterise the EU as a polity, including – next to institutions themselves – constitutionalised values, mecanisms for participation, decision-making processes, etc. Democracy will be defined as a mode of governance characterised by a set of procedures but also by substantive values , both aiming at guaranteeing the election by citizens of representatives on a pluralist basis, the respect of the rule of law, as well as the protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals and minorities. Dealing with challenges requires th consider three relevant topics: the current situation, the objectives pursued by the EU and the – both conceptual and practical – obstacles on the way. Thus, I will first examine the obstacles towards a multi-level system of governance specific to the EU. Then, I will go on the impediments to the shift from an elitist and functionally fragmented decision-making structure to a more inclusive political community.
Table of Contents- Theorizing and achieving a model of democracy specific to the EU .
- The current picture: the blatant inadequacy of both supranational and intergovernmental models .
- The EU as a multi-level polity: conceptual and practical obstacles.
- From an elitist and functionnally fragmentated polity to an inclusive political community.
- The current picture: democratic legitimacy prevented by the ´cognitive deficit´ and the unbalanced representation of societal interests.
- The challenge: towards an enhanced citizen's involvment and a ´European social contract´?.
What has served as the basis for cohesion between the US and Europe and what has served as the basis for separation and/or conflict?
« continent. In an effort to ensure political integration, the major powers of Europe set out to form the European Union. Wallace ...» Document abstract
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5 word format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
17/06/2008
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level : Advanced
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SummaryThroughout the course of the twentieth century, the United States has worked diligently to develop cohesive and functional relationship with Europe. Although this process has enabled the US and Europe to develop a strong relationship, the reality is that both the United States and Europe have developed and evolved along different and autonomous pathways. As such, while there is a high degree of cohesion that exists between the US and Europe, there are some notable differences that keep these two entities separated from one another. Thus, the differences are quite notable and important in understanding the development of both regions.With the realization that the United States and Europe share so much common ground and so many differences there is a clear impetus to examine the issues and history that bring the US and Europe together as well as the issues and history that divide these two regions. Utilizing this as a basis for research, this investigation considers what has served as the basis for cohesion between the US and Europe and what has served as the basis for separation and/or conflict. Through a careful consideration of what has been written about the history and development of both the Untied States and Europe, it will be possible to elucidate key issues that both foster and hinder the relationship between these two regions.
Table of Contents- Introduction
- The United States and Europe'Issues that Foster Solidarity
- The United States and Europe'Issues that Foster Division
- Conclusion
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