La théorie du contrat, selon Rousseau, Rawls et Locke

Exposé Politique & international Sciences politiques

Date de publication :

08/07/2008

Langue :

Anglais

Format :

.doc

Nombre de pages :

8 pages

Niveau :

avancé

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Sommaire :

Sommaire

A different hypothetical approach to the creation of a social contract...
1. A hypothetical human condition that precedes the civil society
2. The emergence of dissimilar social contracts in different contractual conditions
...results in a dissimilar understanding of the state's substance and form
1. Justification of the substance of a State: liberty, equality and justice
2. The political regime or the State's form induced from contractualism

Résumé :

"The great non sequitur committed by defenders of the State, including classical Aristotelian and Thomist philosophers, is to leap from the necessity of society to the necessity of the State" , noted the American anarcho-capitalist Murray N. Rothbard (1926-1995). Indeed, what justifies authority that the political institutions have over their citizens? What justifies obedience of the population? Or else, what justifies a State? The questioning of the concept of a State is at the core of modern political discussion: if some States, such as the USRR, have abruptly vanished in the XXth century or, like Somalia, have been called "faint", an aspiration for a State remains ever more growing, as it might be proven with the current developments in Kosovo. Indeed, the necessity of the State being asserted as early as in the XVth century by Niccolo Machiavelli, since XIXth century, the State has become a usual form of societal organisation - natural, accepted and justified. With the development of market capitalism and the breakdown of feudalism, it is the emergence of liberalism, a philosophy committed to individualism and rationality, that brought about the answers to the teeming questions about the State - its birth, its construction, its necessity and even its form. The question of legitimacy of a State, and hence its acceptance by the population, has conspicuously found an explanation in liberal social contract theories, which have attempted to elucidate, in a variety of ways, the rationale behind the erection of a legitimate state authority and the consent of the governed to obey to the political obligation it induces.