Les travailleurs migrants concurrencent-ils les locaux sur le marché du travail urbain en Chine ?

Exposé Économie & marchés Emploi chômage

Date de publication :

11/10/2008

Langue :

Anglais

Format :

.doc

Nombre de pages :

5 pages

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avancé

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Sommaire :

Sommaire

The composition of what we call ''migrants''
The labor market's segmentation in cities
The different natures of jobs and their benefits
The categories made by Cindy C. Fan in Guangzhou

Résumé :

At the end of the 1970s, the Communist Party of China (CPC) acknowledged that planned economy did not manage to increase the chinese standards of living. Consequently, it started to reform the economic system in order to modernise it. The labor market has not been excluded from such reforms. They were aimed at transforming the state-distribution system into a market regulated by the principles of a market economy. Before the reform concerning the labor market took place in 1978, the job distribution was completely determined by the Household Regulation System or hukou system. The hukou system was first introduced by Mao Zedong in 1958. Essentially, it divided the chinese population into two categories: ''agricultural'' and ''non-agricultural'' (i.e. urbans).
However, in the late 1970s, the surproduction in agriculture, the opening of chinese borders to foreign enterprises and the transition to a market economy triggered a strong need for workforce in urban China. On the contrary, the workforce was too important in rural areas. Therefore, the CPC was compelled to change the hukou system, questionned by the effects of supply and demand of labor. Even if the reforms did not remove it totally, it relaxed the criteria for migration.
Thus, after the liberalisation of the hukou system, there has been massive migration towards cities.
Do these rural workers arriving in cities compete with the locals? To answer this question, we should first examine more closely the composition of what we broadly call ''migrants''. Then, we will focus on the labor market's segmentation in cities and underline their different natures of jobs and their benefits. Eventually, we will look whether a specific category is advantaged in such a market. In order to illustrate that and in a consistence perspective, I will base the comparison between categories on the study made by Cindy C. Fan in Guangzhou (2000).