Violence, mémoire et amnésie : les conflits politiques au XXe siècle au Chili

Exposé Politique & international Sciences politiques

Date de publication :

04/03/2009

Langue :

French

Format :

.doc

Nombre de pages :

9 pages

Niveau :

avancé

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Sommaire :

Sommaire

Visual elements as a way to resist against immediate amnesia
1. Making visible the invisible: the issue of disappearance
2. Denouncing a widespread phenomenon: the issue of torture
Visual elements as testimonies and symbols for justice: shifting to public memory
1. Testimonies to re-establish the official truth
2. Images to trigger remembrance and arouse collective recognition
Visual elements, a way to clarify the difference between the past, the present and the future
1. Avoiding to remain trapped in the past
2. Beyond memory of horror, memory of hope

Résumé :

Dictatorships always tend to elaborate an official truth that does not tolerate any contradiction. But this phenomenon is particularly accurate in Chile, where the device of forced-disappearances and the constant denial of torture have profoundly occulted Chilean memory. This efficient work of deconstruction of memory has lasted 17 years; far enough to inflict on Chilean society a deep trauma of amnesia.
Memory mingles an objective dimension, the historical one, as well as a subjective dimension: from one individual to another, the memory will vary, depending on personal feelings and reflexes. Therefore, reconstructing memory is a difficult task that implies capacities of reflection but also openness to emotions and feelings that flow directly from one's consciousness.

Visual elements gather both dimensions. They can testify of the past, as a resisting version of truth in "response to the machine of oblivion" . But they are also a way to stimulate directly one's memory without any intellectual work. Visual elements act like a spark for people's memory. They trigger remembrance for those who lived the past events of Pinochet dictatorship, addressing directly their consciousness, not needing any intermediary. They arouse emotion, curiosity and interest for those who did not live these events. As a result, visual elements are an efficient trigger for collective memory.
"Visual elements" refer to a host of devices: photography, cinema, landscapes, sculpture... I will focus on a chronological process of reconstruction of memory in the case of Chile.