«Human Security: a difficult definition. . Human Security and Human Rights. . Human Security and Human Development. . What is human security ? ...» Document abstract
$5.95
6 word format
Language : english
international relations
worksheets
date published
19/10/2004
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level : Expert
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Summary The end of Cold War brought new global challenges to the security field. The arousal of new forms of conflict, such as internal wars and terrorism made it important to rethink civilian protection as the centre of this new perspective of security. Threats to security are no longer restricted to states, nor can the state protect its citizens from fear by conventional military action. In his speech appealing for a change in the way we think about security, Sergio Vieira de Mello , underlined the idea that « the security of states and the security of peoples are clearly intertwined, for the insecurity of peoples inexorably leads to the disintegration of states and to regional and international instability »...
Table of Contents- Human Security: a difficult definition.
- Human Security and Human Rights.
- Human Security and Human Development.
« real' impact on the re-definition of security policy - as for instance proximity between Buzan's societal security and United Nations' human security shows it. ...» Document abstract
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6 word format
Language : english
political science
presentation
date published
12/07/2006
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level : Expert
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SummaryDuring the late 1980s, when debates between neorealists and neoliberals seemed to exhaust themselves, so-called ‘constructivist’ researches made their appearance. By asserting themselves as an alternative to realism, they reinterpret its main concepts (power, national interest, sovereignty…). Moreover, it introduced issues then regarded as marginal in International Relations analysis: identity, culture…
Major features of international system were no longer seen as natural, inherent in or given by its structure, but as by-products of social context and the effect of actors’ subjectivity. A deconstruction work began in the discipline. In the particular area of security studies, constructivism will want to question the ‘unquestionable idol Security’.
By putting a little bit aside the realist military state-centred empirical focus on security to privilege security’s ontological and epistemological dimensions, constructivist scholars have tried to renew security studies.
Consequently, it is interesting to wonder if, by so doing, constructivism really adds anything new to debates about security.
After a presentation of constructivism applied to security studies (I), it will be easier to evaluate its ‘real’ contributions to theoretical debates (II)
Major features of international system were no longer seen as natural, inherent in or given by its structure, but as by-products of social context and the effect of actors’ subjectivity. A deconstruction work began in the discipline. In the particular area of security studies, constructivism will want to question the ‘unquestionable idol Security’.
By putting a little bit aside the realist military state-centred empirical focus on security to privilege security’s ontological and epistemological dimensions, constructivist scholars have tried to renew security studies.
Consequently, it is interesting to wonder if, by so doing, constructivism really adds anything new to debates about security.
After a presentation of constructivism applied to security studies (I), it will be easier to evaluate its ‘real’ contributions to theoretical debates (II)
Table of Contents- A new framework for analysis
- A critical methodology to grasp security another way
- A contestation of the traditional conceptualisations to enrich security studies' research agenda
- A positive balance-sheet
- Some scientific limits
- Major theoretical advances
« The program will entail how to recognize human trafficking, how it relates to security, human rights, and organized crimes, and that trafficking is a serious ...» Document abstract
$6.95
7 word format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
02/06/2008
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
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SummaryApproximately 800,000 men, women, and children are smuggled across international borders daily. These numbers do not even include labor and sexual exploitation, and internally displaced persons within each state. Those smuggled have different experiences and motivations such as political refugees, economic migrants, and those fleeing voluntarily from ongoing conflict zones or violence prone areas, while there are others that are trafficked against their will. Prospects for a better life abroad, reuniting with family members, escaping from poverty, political and social unrest, conflict, and economic marginalization have increased the number of international migrants.
Table of Contents- Human trafficking is defined as:
- Human trafficking poses multi-dimensional threats to states and individuals:
- The Department of Peacekeeping Operations.
- Reform Strategies.
- Obstacles and hurdles.
« might constitute a security risk." Since environment degradation is a threat to human lives, it can be considered as a threat to international security. ...» Document abstract
$3.95
4 word format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
15/01/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 24 times
Summary The last half of the 20th Century has been exclusively dominated by the Cold war conflict. There was little space in the analysis of the scholars in International relations for other minor issues of “low politics”, while the questions of the nuclear war and balance of terror dominated the studies of world politics. Although international agreements have been signed for about a century, “the environment was simply regarded as the unchanging context of international politics.” The first change occurred in the late 60s early 1970s, from a public awareness of environmental degradation due to the industrial activity. This emergence of the ecologic sensibility was translated by the creation of lobbying groups such as Greenpeace, and political parties around the Western world. But the real change in that respect was corollary to the end of the cold war. The collapse of the USSR put a temporary end to the major threat of the time, the nuclear war. New threats and a new definition of security then appeared in the study of International relations, challenging the old realist theories. These attempts to redefine concepts such as security or threat will be studied in the first part, as it is a key to understand how environment can be a security issue. There are several fashions in which environmental issues can represent international threats, and that is the focus of the second part.
Table of Contents- Attempts to redefine concepts such as security or threat
- Several fashions in which environmental issues can represent international threats
« "Conference Report: Conflicts and the Human Security in West Africa." Rashid, Ismail (2000).The Lome peace negotiations. Accord. 26-35. ...» Document abstract
$7.95
8 word format
Language : english
international relations
presentation
date published
19/04/2008
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
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SummaryOverview
After the Cold War the majority of wars in Africa were "societal" while conflict between states was considerably rare. The inter-state wars were further prolonged and worsened by foreign support. Military assistance on part of Western and Socialist countries is one of the common outside causes for many of the ethnic and inter-communal conflicts in several African regions (Marshall, 2005; Pollard & Odo, 2004).
Key Words- Conflicts, West Africa, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia
Case Study: Sierra Leone, RUF, Foday Saybana Sankoh, APC, The Abidjan Process, ECOMOG, AFRC-RUF, The Lome Agreement, ECOWAS, UNOMIL
After the Cold War the majority of wars in Africa were "societal" while conflict between states was considerably rare. The inter-state wars were further prolonged and worsened by foreign support. Military assistance on part of Western and Socialist countries is one of the common outside causes for many of the ethnic and inter-communal conflicts in several African regions (Marshall, 2005; Pollard & Odo, 2004).
Key Words- Conflicts, West Africa, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia
Case Study: Sierra Leone, RUF, Foday Saybana Sankoh, APC, The Abidjan Process, ECOMOG, AFRC-RUF, The Lome Agreement, ECOWAS, UNOMIL
Table of Contents- Overview.
- Conflict Trends in West Africa.
- The Roots of Conflicts.
- Case Study: Sierra Leone.
- Conflict Background.
- The Abidjan Process (1995-1996).
- ECOMOG.
- The Lome Agreement.
- What Went Wrong?
- Case Study: Liberia.
- Conflict Background.
- The Peace Process.
«Zac Messer The Human Coyote: A Heroic Criminal The border patrol has increased security greatly in the past, and despite their best efforts, this has only made ...» Document abstract
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2 word format
Language : english
international law
school essay
date published
07/12/2007
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level : General public
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SummaryIn all the various interrelated issues of the border, there is one central group that is essential to allowing immigrants to cross in the United States: the coyotes. Coyotes are smugglers who assist immigrants in getting across the border without getting stopped by the border patrol, or anyone else. They are almost always Mexican, and often were at one point immigrants themselves, who over time have made enough trips across the border to know the best routes to take, where they will encounter the least amount of trouble. Coyotes do provide a service to the immigrants, and this service, of course, costs money. Today the cost is much higher than it has ever been, for a number of reasons. The border patrol has increased security greatly in the past, and despite their best efforts, this has only made coyotes have a more lucrative occupation, due to the fact that coyotes are no longer a luxury, they are now a necessity (Campbell). Immigrants have almost no chance of crossing the border without a guide. The immigrants do run the risk of being abandoned, robbed, raped, or even killed by people in line with their coyotes, or by the coyotes themselves. However, some coyotes safely get people across the border. The question is then: how should we view coyotes? Are they heroes, villains, criminals, or somewhere in between? Coyotes as a collective group are criminals who are necessary.
« she lists only three rights that qualify to the definition: security, subsistence, liberty. At the same time, Chan argues that "few, if any, human rights are ...» Document abstract
$9.95
13 word format
Language : english
international law
presentation
date published
16/11/2001
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 39 times
Summary We'll see that a mediate position can be found between what Donnelly has identified as radical cultural relativism (a) and radical universalism (b). Thus, it seems that a cross-cultural consensus can be found on the universality of some basic rights contained in the UDHR, whereas some other articles may be susceptible of cultural adaptation. But in the first place we will examine the position of cultural relativists and its potential weaknesses and hidden rationals
Table of Contents- The UDHR is a Western conception of human rights (the claim for cultural relativism)
- Human rights: a Western invention
- Human rights as opposed to duties and collective mechanisms
- The accusation of cultural imperialism
- The issue of the hierarchy of rights within the UDHR
- The necessary respect for cultural diversity
- Striving for universalism (the defenders of the UDHR)
- The hidden side of cultural relativism
- The accommodation of universal rights in a non-Western cultural context: the case of Islamic countries
- A way out: 'relative universality' and the recognition of basic rights
Les internautes ont également acheté « Romance appears in almost all aspects of human life from entertainment to love, people resolve problems with parents, find comfort and security, express trust ...» Document abstract
$3.95
4 word format
Language : english
social sciences
presentation
date published
02/10/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : General public
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SummaryLove has played a significant role in people’s lives since they have been able to acknowledge it. Romance appears in almost all aspects of human life from entertainment to politics to business to children’s movies. As soon as children can read, write, speak, and understand the world around them, they learn about familial love, friendship, and, most importantly, romantic love. Through romantic love, people resolve problems with parents, find comfort and security, express trust and distrust for the world at large, and answer needs from childhood.
Table of Contents- Love has played a significant role in people's lives since they have been able to acknowledge it.
- Biology plays a significant role in determining whom people will fall in love with.
- Outside of biology, however, personal preferences and personalities play an even greater role in determining if a relationship will form and of what kind.
- Childhood can also play a significant part in what someone looks for in a mate.
- Once both sides of a couple focus their energies on the relationship, it begins to deepen and love begins to form.
- Quite often, whether a relationship stays together or not depends on the surrounding society.
- Whom a person falls in love with and how that relationship progresses directly reflects on the two individuals involved. Ayn Rand sums love up as 'our response to our highest values?
« we see a total jump in the dark and a loss of vision and security. the ultimate agenda since it is an all-encompassing aspect of human understanding, is ...» Document abstract
$2.95
3 word format
Language : english
psychology
school essay
date published
02/10/2007
review : not yet assessed
level : Advanced
requested 0 times
SummaryThe enigma that is the essence of consciousness in modern society can be readily explained and analyzed by anyone with the ability to do so and does not necessitate the so-called authoritative citations that we so emphatically consider reliable sources. It doesn’t really take a Ph.D. to write an insightful paper about it and the perceived implications that such topic poses on our sense of reality. We all possess a very individualized consciousness limited to our own individual perspective- a consciousness that at its very core relies not on external merit, but more so on the fundamental disposition of the person in question.
Table of Contents- The enigma that is the essence of consciousness in modern society can be readily explained and analyzed by anyone with the ability to do so and does not necessitate the so-called authoritative citations that we so emphatically consider reliable sources.
- Surely we can all agree that we live in a world of turmoil and suffering is as certain as death
- Considering how sensitive ancient civilization were to higher systems of understanding, it doesn't seem far-fetched to assume that we, as a modern civilization, have deviated from the more effective track under the pretense of our booming technology
- In fact, it's a reality that such a make-up is wholly psychological and an illusion, where as the essence conveyed in most genuine mystical processes benefit our health, our minds, and most importantly our spiritual vision, the goal of such processes being enlightenment
- Enlightenment threatens the vices of modern man, the likes of which opposes a large percentage of what has become part of our mainstream subculture through expensive justifications by the collective
knowledge network
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