What explains the disintegration of Yugoslavia?
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international relations
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published 20/12/2006
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SummaryThe Second Yugoslavia created in 1943, under the name of Democratic Federation of Yugoslavia, was a federal state consisting of six republics -Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia- and two autonomous provinces - Kosovo and Vojvodina. It became the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946 and then the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1963. This federation broke up in the early 1990s when Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence on June 25, 1991, followed by Macedonia in October and Bosnia Herzegovina in November. What explains this disintegration? It is impossible to reduce “the complexity of socialist Yugoslav disintegration to some supposed pre-eminent factor. On the contrary, economics choices, institutional structures, religious cultures, elite dynamics, and deficiencies in system legitimacy all played a role in pushing the country toward violent break-up”. Indeed, “the disintegration of Yugoslavia had many causes, not a single one”. Yugoslavia was a mosaic of ethnic groups, whose unity was undermined by Tito’s death, economic crisis, ethnic tensions, changing international context and the rise of nationalism in the 1980s.
Table of Contents
- Creation in 1943 of the Second Yugoslavia
- A mosaic of ethnic groups, languages and religions which made unity difficult.
- The deaths of Vice-president Edvard Kardelj in 1979 and President Tito in 1980 deprived the country of imposing unity.
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